GPU model
A GPU is a type of graphics processor that determines the fundamental performance characteristics of a video adapter. Today there are two main manufacturers -
AMD and
NVIDIA. Intel has also entered the leadership race with its
Intel Arc line of discrete graphics.
NVIDIA:
GeForce GT 1030,
GeForce GTX 1050 Ti,
GeForce GTX 1060,
GeForce GTX 1070, etc. (all related to
GeForce 10 series),
GeForce GTX 1630,
GeForce GTX 1650(
SUPER),
GeForce GTX 1660(
SUPER,
Ti),
GeForce RTX 20 series, namely
GeForce RTX 2060(
SUPER),
GeForce RTX 2070(
SUPER),
GeForce RTX 2080(
SUPER,
Ti),
GeForce RTX 3050,
GeForce RTX 3060,
GeForce RTX 3060 Ti,
..."/list/189/pr-42256/">GeForce RTX 3070,
GeForce RTX 3070 Ti,
GeForce RTX 3080,
GeForce RTX 3080 Ti,
GeForce RTX 3090, GeForce
RTX 3090 Ti,
GeForce RTX 4060,
GeForce RTX 4060 Ti,
GeForce RTX 4070,
GeForce RTX 4070 SUPER,
GeForce RTX 4070 Ti,
GeForce RTX 4 070 Ti SUPER,
GeForce RTX 4080,
GeForce RTX 4080 SUPER,
GeForce RTX 4090, as well as professional
Quadro.
AMD:
Radeon RX 400 series,
Radeon RX 500 series as
Radeon RX 550,
Radeon RX 560, Radeon RX
570, Radeon RX 580,
Radeon RX 590, Radeon RX 5500
XT,
Radeon RX 5600 XT,
Radeon RX 5700,
Radeon RX 5700 XT,
Radeon RX 6400,
Radeon RX 6500 XT, Radeon RX 6600,
Radeon RX 6600 XT, Radeon RX 6650 XT,
Radeon RX 6700 XT, Radeon
RX 6750 XT , Radeon RX 6800,
Radeon RX 6800 XT,
Radeon RX 6900 XT,
Radeon RX 6950 XT,
Radeon RX 7600,
Radeon RX 7600 XT, Radeon RX 7700 XT, Radeon RX 7800 XT,
Radeon RX 7900 XT,
Radeon RX 7900 XTX,
Radeon RX 7900 GRE,
Radeon RX Vega 56,
Radeon RX Vega 64,
AMD Radeon VII and professional
FirePro.
Knowing the GPU model, you can find detailed information on it (special specs, reviews, reviews, etc.) and evaluate how suitable this board is for your purposes. It is worth noting that in video cards from third-party brands, the characteristics of the graphics processor may differ slightly from the standard ones (and often in the direction of acceleration and improvement).
Memory type
The type of graphics memory used by the graphics card (see GPU memory capacity). To date, the following types of memory are used:
—
DDR3. General purpose RAM that is not specialized for graphics processing and was originally designed for use in the general system RAM. However, due to good performance and relatively low cost, it has recently been used in video cards (albeit, mainly at a low-cost level).
— DDR4. Further, after DDR3, the development of general-purpose RAM. Specifically, it is extremely rare in video cards, due to the prevalence of more advanced specialized standards.
— GDDR2. The second generation of memory built using Double Data-Rate technology (“double data transfer rate”). In fact, it is a modification of DDR2 RAM, optimized for use in video cards; just like the original DDR2, it provides 4 data transfer operations per cycle (original DDR — 2 operations). It has not received wide popularity due to the tendency to strong heating during operation.
—
GDDR3. Improved version of GDDR2 (see above). It has a higher effective frequency (as a result, performance), while differing in lower heat dissipation. Some time ago it enjoyed considerable popularity, now it is gradually falling into disuse, giving way to more advanced standards.
—
GDDR5. Pretty advanced video memory format; unlike earlier versions of GDDR
...(see above), it is based on DDR3 RAM.
— GDDR5X. A further enhancement to GDDR5 memory designed to increase bandwidth (and thus overall speed and graphics performance). Various design improvements made it possible to achieve a 2-fold increase in maximum speed — up to 12 Gbps versus 6 Gbps for the original GDDR5. At the same time, although GDDR5X is inferior in terms of characteristics to HBM (see below), it is also much cheaper.
— GDDR6. Further, after GDDR5X, the development of GDDR-type graphic memory. Achieve data rates up to 16Gb/s per pin, nearly double that of GDDR5, at a lower operating voltage. Such characteristics allow the use of GDDR6 to work with 4K resolutions and higher, as well as virtual reality systems; video cards with such memory are mainly classified as top-end solutions.
— GDDR6X. An improved version of GDDR6 released in Fall 2020. According to the creators, it is the fastest graphics memory at the time of release. One of the key updates is the use of the so-called multi-level PAM4 modulation, which allows you to transfer 2 bits of data per cycle (versus 1 bit for its predecessors). Due to this, the bandwidth of GDDR6X can reach 21 Gbps per pin and 1 TB / s for the entire memory block (versus 16 Gbps and 700 Gbps, respectively, in the previous version). This type of memory is great even for the most powerful modern video cards, but it also costs accordingly.
— HBM. A type of memory designed to maximize throughput. It differs fundamentally from various versions of GDDR in that the HBM module is built on the "sandwich" principle — the memory chips in it are placed in layers and allow simultaneous access; and for communication with the processor, a special silicon layer is used, the so-called "interposer", which provides efficient transfer of large amounts of data. Due to this, HBM is significantly (many times) faster than even the most advanced versions of GDDR, and the clock frequency of such memory modules is low, which gives another advantage — extremely low power consumption and heat dissipation. The main disadvantage of this technology is its high cost.
— HBM2. The second generation of high-speed HBM memory, introduced in 2016. See above for more on the general features of HBM, and HBM2 has doubled throughput compared to the first version of this technology. Thanks to this, such memory is great for resource-intensive tasks like working with virtual reality.Memory clock
The speed at which a video card can process data stored in its video memory. In fact, the indicator determines the maximum number of operations to receive or transmit data by a memory module per unit of time. This frequency is expressed in megahertz (MHz) – millions of operations per second. High video memory frequency helps improve performance when performing resource-intensive tasks such as texture processing, graphics rendering and other graphics operations. However, the parameter is by no means the only factor that influences the overall performance of the video card – it is important to take into account the GPU architecture, number of cores, core frequency and other characteristics.
Passmark G3D Mark
The result shown by the graphics card in the test (benchmark) Passmark G3D Mark.
Benchmarks allow you to evaluate the actual capabilities (primarily overall performance) of a graphics card. This is especially convenient in light of the fact that adapters with similar characteristics in fact can differ markedly in capabilities (for example, due to the difference in the quality of optimization of individual components for joint work). And Passmark G3D Mark is the most popular benchmark for graphics adapters nowadays. The results of such a test are indicated in points, with a higher number of points corresponding to better performance. As of mid-2020, the most advanced graphics cards can score over 17,000 points.
Note that Passmark G3D Mark is used not only for general performance evaluation, but also to determine the compatibility of a graphics card with a specific processor. The CPU and graphics adapter must be approximately equal in terms of the overall level of computing power, otherwise one component will “pull back” the other: for example, a weak processor will not allow a powerful gaming graphics card to unleash the full potential. To search for a video adapter for a specific CPU model, you can use the list "Optimal for AMD processors" or "Optimal for Intel processors" in the selection of our catalog.
