Comparison Gigabyte AORUS NVMe Gen4 SSD GP-ASM2NE6100TTTD 1 TB vs Samsung 970 EVO Plus M.2 MZ-V7S1T0BW 1 TB

Connection interface supported by an M.2 drive (see Form Factor).

All such drives use a standard hardware connector, however, different electrical (logical) interfaces can be implemented through this connector — either SATA (usually SATA 3), or PCI-E (most often in PCI-E 3.0 2x, PCI-E 3.0 4x, PCI-E 4.0 4x, PCI-E 5.0 4x). The M.2 connector on the motherboard must support the appropriate interface — otherwise the normal operation of the SSD will not be possible. Let's consider each option in more detail.

SATA 3 connectivity provides data transfer rates up to 5.9 Gbps (approx. 600 Mbps); it is considered a very simple option and is used mainly in low-cost M.2 modules. This is due to the fact that this interface was originally created for hard drives, and for faster SSD drives, its capabilities may no longer be enough.

In turn, the PCI-E interface provides higher connection speeds and allows the implementation of special technologies like NVMe (see below). The designation of such an interface indicates its version and the number of lines – for example, PCI-E 3.0 2x means version 3 with two data lines. By this designation you can determine the maximum connection speed: PCI-E version 3.0 gives just under 1 GBps per line, version 4.0 – twice as much (up to 2 GBps), 5.0 – twice as much a...s the “four” (almost 4 GBps). Thus, for example, for PCI-E 5.0 4x the maximum data transfer speed will be about 15 GBps (4 lanes of almost 4 GBps). However, we note that newer and faster drives can be connected to earlier and slower M.2 connectors – except that the data transfer speed will be limited by the capabilities of the connector.

Model of the controller installed in the SSD.

The controller is a control circuit, which, in fact, ensures the exchange of information between the memory cells and the computer to which the drive is connected. The capabilities of a particular SSD module (in particular, read and write speed) largely depend on this particular scheme. Knowing the controller model, you can find detailed data on it and evaluate the capabilities of the drive. For simple everyday use, this information is usually not needed, but for professionals and enthusiasts (modders, overclockers) it can come in handy.

Nowadays, high-end controllers are produced mainly under such brands: InnoGrit, Maxio, Phison, Realtek, Silicon Motion, Samsung.

Buffer memory is a small chip on the SSD drive that acts as a data transit between the drive and the motherboard. In fact, it acts as a kind of intermediate link between the computer's RAM and the drive's own permanent memory. The buffer is used to store the most frequently requested data from the module, which reduces the access time to them — the information is sent from the cache, instead of being read from the magnetic media. Usually, the larger the buffer size, the higher the speed of the drive, all other things being equal. Also, drives with a large amount of buffer memory reduce the load on the processor.

The highest speed in write mode characterizes the speed with which the module can receive information from a connected computer (or other external device). This speed is limited both by the connection interface (see "Connector"), and by the characteristics of the device of the SSD itself.

The highest data exchange rate with a computer (or other external device) that the drive can provide in read mode; in other words — the highest speed of information output from the drive to an external device. This speed is limited both by the connection interface (see "Connector"), and by the characteristics of the device of the SSD itself. Its values can vary from 100 – 500 MB / s in the slowest models to 3 Gb / s and higher in the most advanced ones.

The drive's time between failures is the time that it is able to continuously work without failures and malfunctions; in other words — the operating time, after which there is a high probability of failures, and even failure of the module.

Usually, the characteristics indicate some average time derived from the results of conditional testing. Therefore, the actual value of this parameter may differ from the claimed one in one direction or another; however, in fact, this moment is not particularly significant. The fact is that for modern SSDs, the MTBF is estimated at millions of hours, and 1 million hours corresponds to more than 110 years — while we are talking about pure operating time. So, from a practical point of view, the durability of a drive is often limited by more specific parameters — TBW and DPWD (see below); and the manufacturer's warranty generally does not exceed several years. However, data on the MTBF in hours can also be useful when choosing: other things being equal, more time means more reliability and durability of the SSD as a whole.

The IOPS provided by the drive in write mode.

The term IOPS refers to the highest number of I / O operations that an SSD module can perform per second, in this case, when writing data. By this indicator, the speed of the drive is often evaluated; however, this is not always true. Firstly, the IOPS values of different manufacturers can be measured in different ways — by the maximum value, by average, by random write, by sequential write, etc. Secondly, the benefits of high IOPS become noticeable only with some specific operations — in in particular, the simultaneous copying of numerous files. In addition, in fact, the speed of the drive may be limited by the system to which it is connected. In light of all this, it is generally acceptable to compare different SSD modules by IOPS, but the real difference in performance is likely not to be as noticeable as the difference in numbers.

As for specific values, for the write mode with IOPS up to 50K is considered relatively modest, 50 – 100K — medium, more than 100K — high.

The IOPS provided by the drive in read mode.

The term IOPS refers to the maximum number of I / O operations that an SSD module can perform per second, in this case, when reading data from it. By this indicator, the speed of the drive is often evaluated; however, this is not always true. Firstly, the IOPS values of different manufacturers can be measured in different ways — by the maximum value, by the average, etc. Secondly, the advantages of high IOPS become noticeable only with some specific operations — in particular, when copying numerous files at the same time. In addition, in fact, the speed of the drive may be limited by the system to which it is connected. In light of all this, it is generally acceptable to compare different SSD modules by IOPS, but the real difference in performance is likely not to be as noticeable as the difference in numbers.

For modern SSDs in read mode, an IOPS value of less than 50K is considered a very limited indicator, in most models this parameter lies in the range of 50 – 100K, but there are also higher numbers.

The abbreviation TBW stands for drive time between failures, expressed in terabytes. In other words, this is the total amount of information that is guaranteed to be written (rewritten) to this module. This metric measures the overall reliability and lifespan of a drive—the higher the TBW, the longer the device will last, all other things being equal.

Note that knowing the TBW and the warranty period, you can calculate the number of rewrites per day (DWPD, see the relevant paragraph), if the manufacturer did not specify these data. To do this, use the formula: DWPD = TBW / (V * T * 365), where V is the drive capacity in terabytes, T is the warranty period (years). As for specific numbers, there are a lot of drives on the market with a relatively low TBW — up to 100 TB ; even these values are often sufficient for everyday use for a considerable amount of time. However, models with TBW at the level of 100 – 500 TB are more common. Values of 500 – 1000 TB can be classified as "above average", and in the most reliable solutions this figure is even higher.