Comparison Apple iPod touch 6gen 16Gb vs Apple iPod nano 6gen 16GB

- Audio. MP3 players in the original, most traditional sense are devices designed to play music and other audio. There are models without a display, but many of the audio players are equipped with screens and can work with auxiliary file formats - like TXT for displaying song lyrics or JPG for viewing album covers or even photos. But the player in them is designed to work only with sound and does not allow video playback.

- Media player. This type includes all players that can play video. The specific characteristics of such models may vary significantly - from portable gadgets with 1.5" - 2" displays and support for specific formats to large 4 - 5" devices capable of working with unconverted files. But in any case, if you need a pocket player with the ability not only listen to music, but also watch videos - it’s worth choosing from similar models.

— Hi-Fi player. A specific type of audio player (see above), created with the expectation of maximum quality of reproduced sound. Uses high-quality components and advanced signal processing circuits; Because of this, such devices are an order of magnitude more expensive than conventional audio players, but in terms of sound quality they are comparable to stationary Hi-Fi class systems. It is almost mandatory for such models to support at least one lossless format like FLAC or A...PE; also only in such devices is it possible to work in DAC mode (see “Functions/capabilities”). In addition, the design may provide specialized interfaces - for example, balanced or optical (see “Outputs”). Thanks to all this, devices of this type can be useful both to demanding audiophiles and to those who work professionally with sound.

Players that are designed to be used while playing sports without experiencing any inconvenience. Distinctive features of "sports" models are miniature size, often — the presence of a clip for wearing on clothes (see below), as well as the simplest display, suitable only for displaying service data like the name of the current song (or even the complete absence of a display). Not all such devices are specially designed for lovers of an active lifestyle, but this does not prevent them from being successfully used while running, cycling, etc. And specialized options can have a case with water protection (up to the possibility of immersion in water) and even built-in fitness tools.

The operating system under which the player is running.

An operating system is not just any shell programme; this name is applied to the most advanced platforms. The OS has extensive capabilities that go far beyond the traditional functionality of the players, in addition, these capabilities can be further expanded by installing additional applications for various purposes — from online music services and media libraries to games, social network clients, etc. Thus Thus, the presence of an OS usually means that the device is a media player (see "Type"); however, not every media player has a full OS. Hi-Fi players can also have such firmware, however, the OS in them is often heavily modified, and not all such devices allow the installation of third-party applications.

Specific options for the OS can be as follows:

— Android. Operating system developed by Google, widely used by manufacturers of portable electronics; practically ousted other systems from the market, the only alternative is iOS(see below). The original Android is tightly integrated with Google services and uses the Google Play app store; however, there are many branded shells and modifications on the market, including those with rather radical changes. And you can install programs not only from the application store, but also from any other sources — by downloading the installation file to the device. The system h...as an open source code, anyone can write software for this OS, thanks to which the set of applications for Android is extremely extensive, but many of them do not differ in quality.

— iOS. Apple's proprietary operating system is not used by other manufacturers. It is closed: you can install additional applications only from the App Store proprietary storage, and for music and video you need to use the iTunes service. In addition, to create software for iOS, you need to obtain a paid license, which limits the circle of developers. On the other hand, iOS is quite convenient in that the user doesn't have to dig through an extensive set of settings; and apps in the App Store go through fairly strict quality and security controls.

The range of audio frequencies that the player is capable of reproducing. The wider this range — the more complete the picture of the sound, the less likely that the device will "cut off" part of the sound spectrum. At the same time, when choosing this parameter, several points should be taken into account.

First, the average human ear is capable of hearing sounds from approximately 16 Hz to 20 kHz; deviations from these figures are small, and with age the range narrows even more. In fact, this means that for normal hearing, it is enough just to cover this gap. And the wider boundaries indicated in the characteristics of the player will be more of a marketing ploy than a really significant moment. Secondly, do not forget that the sound quality is determined not only by the range, but also by a number of other characteristics of the player — signal-to-noise ratio, frequency response, etc.; therefore, a wide range by itself does not guarantee a pleasing sound. And thirdly, the features of the audible sound also largely depend on the headphones used and their frequency range: all the advantages of a player with a wide frequency range can come to naught if the frequencies are “cut off” by the headphones.

Audio file formats that the player is able to work with.

— MP3. The most famous of modern digital audio formats; supported by almost all compact players, the name MP3 has even become a household name for them. Provides so-called. lossy compression, where some of the audio frequencies are lost. However, during compression, the sound is processed in such a way that it "disappears" mainly frequencies, the loss of which is imperceptible to the human ear. As a result, the sound quality can be quite high, and you can clearly distinguish high-quality MP3 from lossless format only on Hi-Fi equipment.

— WAV. Another popular audio standard, originally developed for storing sound on a PC. It can technically be used to store audio in a variety of formats, but is most commonly used for uncompressed audio. Due to this, the sound quality can be quite high, and its processing does not require special computing power. The downside of this is the large volume of audio files — many times more than MP3s.

— WMA. An audio format, at one time specially created for the Windows operating system. By default, it uses lossy compression (although there is also a lossless version of the WMA codec). WMA is particularly suitable for low bitrates, under such conditions it provides better quality than MP3 and takes up less space. On the other hand, this format is much less popular in high-quality digital audio.

...— AAC. A format developed as a potential successor to MP3. Also provides lossy compression (see above), but allows you to achieve better quality with the same file size; this difference is especially noticeable at low bitrates. Actively promoted by Apple in iPod players; nevertheless, it is noticeably inferior to MP3 in terms of prevalence, although it is supported by a considerable number of players.

— OGG. A lossy compressed digital audio format is one potential alternative to MP3. One of the key features of OGG is that as audio is encoded, the bitrate is constantly changing; at the same time, on fragments where there is no sound, the bitrate drops to almost zero (unlike MP3, where the data stream is constant, including in sections of complete silence). This makes it possible to achieve small file sizes while maintaining sound quality. Also note that the OGG format is open and not limited by patents.

— FLAC. One of the formats that uses lossless audio compression. With this compression, all the details of the original sound are preserved, so lossless formats are especially appreciated by sophisticated music lovers and audiophiles. The reverse side of this quality is large volumes of files. Specifically, FLAC is perhaps the most common of today's lossless formats. This is largely due to the fact that this standard is not particularly demanding on the processing power of the player. Thanks to this, its support can be implemented even in relatively simple and inexpensive players (unlike another popular format — APE, see below). On the other hand, FLAC files are larger than APE files.

— A.P.E. One of the popular lossless audio compression formats. Compared to another common standard — FLAC (see above) — APE allows you to achieve smaller file sizes with the same quality. On the other hand, to play such files, electronics with a fairly high processing power are required, so APE compatibility is relatively rare in compact players.

— DSD. A specific digital audio format using the so-called. sigma-delta modulation (as opposed to pulse code used in most other formats). Such modulation provides a very high sampling rate — 2822.4 kHz; however, it cannot be compared with the usual sampling rate (see above): in this case we are talking about a specific signal format. Its properties are such that DSD support can be provided even if the player's DAC formally has a much lower sampling rate. In general, this format is considered professional, its support is found mainly in Hi-Fi models (see "Type").

— DXD. Professional audio format originally created for editing DSD files (see above) — For technical reasons, original DSD is not well suited for editing. DXD uses a bit depth of 24 bits (8 bits higher than Audio CD format) and a sampling rate of 352.8 kHz (8 times higher than Audio CD). Like the original DSD, it is found mainly in Hi-Fi players.

— AIFF. Audio format developed by Apple for Macs and Macbooks; a kind of "apple" analogue of the WAV described above, also in most cases used for uncompressed audio.

— Audible. Proprietary file format used by the online audiobook store of the same name. One of the features of this format is that file playback is available only if you enter a login and password for the Audible online store; thus, supporting this standard usually means having a client programme to access the store.

This list is not exhaustive, modern players (especially the top category) may support other types of audio files.

Non-audio file formats that the player can handle.

— AVI. One of the most popular video file formats nowadays, it is used both in portable devices and in stationary video equipment. Technically, it is a container, that is, it can contain data processed by different codecs; playback requires that the device supports not only the AVI format, but also the corresponding codec.

— MP4. Video files using the MPEG-4 container. MP4 was once one of the most popular formats for portable players, and it is this format that is usually meant when people talk about "converted video" for a media player or smartphone.

— MPEG-4. Another name for the above MP4.

— MKV. A video container created as an open source alternative to the above described AVI and similar standards. Very handy when creating video files with multiple embedded video, audio and/or subtitle streams, which is why it is widely used and continues to evolve.

— MOV. Video file (container) format originally developed by Apple for QuickTime software players

— ASF. Microsoft's proprietary format, specifically designed to work with streaming content.

— SWF. A format in which animation clips are recorded based on flash technology.

— jpegs. One of the most popular modern image file formats, it is the standard for digital photography. Note that graphics support, including JPEG, can be pro...vided even in players with very miniature screens — to display album art.

— PNG. Popular graphic file format. In particular, it is widespread on the Internet due to the ability to achieve good quality with small file sizes.

— GIF. Another popular graphic file format. Notable for the ability to create animated pictures.

— BMP. One of the most common graphic formats. However, due to the rather large volumes of files, it is less common than the above standards.

— txt. Text-only files, no formatting (except paragraphs). Support for this format can be provided even in players with very small screens — to view lyrics.

This list is not exhaustive, other file formats may be supported in modern compact players.

- CUE support. The player's ability to recognize and use .cue files. Initially, such files were used as lists of tracks on an Audio CD; the sequence of tracks, their duration and name were recorded in them; Nowadays, .cue files often accompany albums and collections recorded on the principle of “all tracks in a row in one audio file.” If the player supports CUE, then you can listen to such an audio file on it as a set of separate tracks, switching between them at will - the player will take data from the .cue file about the starting point of each track and automatically skip playback. In other words, the listening format will be the same as when playing music in the “one file per track” format.

— Lossless formats. The player supports audio formats that use lossless compression. Unlike lossy compression (including MP3), with this compression the sound is not cut down, all its details are preserved as much as possible. Nowadays, there are several lossless formats, the most popular are FLAC and APE (see “Supports audio formats”); The specific set of standards with which the player is compatible should be clarified separately. However, in any case, this function will be useful to those who value the most complete and reliable sound. It is worth considering two nuances. Firstly, lossless files are quite large - one album can ta...ke up several hundred megabytes. Secondly, in order to fully appreciate such sound, you will need high-quality headphones, and ideally a Hi-Fi player (see “Type”).

— Formats without compression (uncompressed). The player supports audio formats that do not require data compression. Most of these standards are professional; they provide very high quality and reliability of sound, but they also take up a lot of space. Examples of uncompressed formats include DSD and DXD (see “Supports Audio”).

— Work in DAC mode. The ability of the player to operate in digital-to-analog converter (DAC) mode - when the device receives a digital audio signal from an external source (usually a computer USB port) and outputs analog audio. This function is found mainly in Hi-Fi models (see “Type”). It will be useful primarily when outputting sound from PCs, laptops or portable gadgets: the native sound cards in such models are often quite “weak”, and when using an external DAC you can achieve much better sound quality.

— Equalizer. This function allows you to adjust the sound volume of individual frequency bands, thus changing the overall color of the sound. Equalizers in modern players can have a different number of bands - from 2 (low and high frequencies) in the simplest models to 8 - 10 in advanced ones. In any case, such a setting can be useful both for adjusting the sound to your own preferences, and for compensating for the shortcomings of connected headphones or speakers - if they “fail” certain frequency bands. In addition, many players have a set of equalizer presets (presets), usually designed for different styles of music - “Classical”, “Rock”, “Pop”, etc.

- FM receiver. Built-in tuner for receiving radio broadcasts in the FM range. It is this range that the vast majority of modern music radio stations use, since it allows broadcasting sound in stereo format. However, some player models also support other standards - for example, AM, in which talk stations are widely represented. To listen to the radio, you usually need to connect headphones - their wire acts as an antenna.

— Recording from an FM receiver. Possibility of recording radio programs received by the player’s own tuner (see above). This function is useful if you want to “save for history” some event from the broadcast - an interesting talk show, a live performance of your favorite band in the radio station’s studio, a live call, etc.

- Dictaphone. The player can operate in voice recorder mode to record sound. Typically, the built-in microphone is used. The general functionality of such a recording is noticeably more modest than in specialized voice recorders, but for simple tasks it may well be useful.

— Built-in speaker. Its own built-in speaker allows you to listen to music without connecting headphones or speakers. In some situations - for example, when watching a movie together from the player screen - this function can be very useful. However, it is worth considering that the capabilities of the built-in speaker are usually quite modest; as a result, the volume and sound quality are low.

- Digital camera. Your own digital camera that allows you to use the player to take photos and videos. The quality of filming in most cases is not high, but there are exceptions - some player models are not inferior to middle-class smartphones in this indicator. In addition, the cameras in this case are intended not so much for highly artistic filming, but for “capturing the moment.” It is also worth noting that the location of the camera may vary. Most often it is installed on the back side, but there are also players with front cameras that allow you to take selfies and use video calling. And the most advanced players (usually models with OS, see above) may have a pair of cameras - main and front.

Wi-Fi technology support by the player. The traditional way to use this feature is to connect to the Internet or local area network through a wireless router; in addition, direct Wi-Fi communication between two devices is also possible.

Normal listening to music does not require these features; therefore, this function is found mainly in media players (see "Type") with extensive additional features. And for models with OS (see above), Wi-Fi support is almost mandatory, because modern operating systems are tightly integrated with the Internet. Specific options for using Wi-Fi depend on the functionality of the player. These may include, but are not limited to, firmware updates, use of audio and video streaming services, Internet radio, installation of applications from online storages, web surfing through a browser, access to social networks, etc.

The player supports Bluetooth technology.

This technology is designed for direct wireless communication between different devices. There are different ways to implement it in players. The most common option is to broadcast sound to wireless headphones, acoustics or other similar equipment (aptX is highly desirable, see “Features/capabilities”). Other methods of application may also be envisaged - in particular, exchanging files with other devices and remote control (player or from the player). The specific set of additional functions should be clarified separately.

Bluetooth wireless protocols from the 4th revision and newer are relevant today:

• Bluetooth v 4.0. Revision 4.0 introduced a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) connection mode with low power consumption. This communication standard is intended mainly for transmitting small amounts of information - in particular, service data packets to maintain a connection. At the same time, the creators managed to combine economical energy consumption and a long communication range - it can reach 100 m, which has a positive effect on the stability of the connection.
• Bluetooth v4.1. Development and improvement of Bluetooth 4.0. In terms of players, the key innovation in this version was improved noise immunity when working near 4G (LTE) mobile communication devices (in earlier standards, Bluetooth and LTE signals could overlap, which led to failures).
• Bluetooth v4.2. Further..., after 4.1, development of the Bluetooth standard, which mainly presented a number of general improvements in the reliability and noise immunity of the connection.
• Bluetooth v5.0. Major Bluetooth update released in 2016. One of the most notable innovations was the introduction of two additional operating modes of Bluetooth LE: an increased speed mode (by reducing the range) and an extended range mode (by reducing the speed). The key benefit of these innovations is to improve the overall reliability of communications, increase their range and reduce the number of breaks.
• Bluetooth v5.1. Update to revision v 5.0, in which, in addition to general improvements in the quality and reliability of communication, it became possible to determine the direction from which the Bluetooth signal is coming. Thanks to this, the location of connected devices is determined with centimeter accuracy, which has a positive effect on the quality of the wireless connection.
• Bluetooth v5.2. The next update, after 5.1, is Bluetooth 5th generation. The main innovations in this version are a number of security improvements, additional optimization of power consumption in LE mode and a new audio signal format for synchronizing parallel playback on multiple devices.
• Bluetooth v 5.3 came into use at the dawn of 2022. Among the innovations in it, they accelerated the process of negotiating a communication channel between the controller and the device, implemented the function of quickly switching between the operating state in a low duty cycle and a high-speed mode, and improved the throughput and stability of the connection by reducing susceptibility to interference. When unexpected interference occurs in Low Energy mode, the procedure for selecting a communication channel to switch from now on has been accelerated.
• Bluetooth v 5.4 was introduced at the beginning of 2023. This edition has increased the range and speed of data exchange. Also in Bluetooth v 5.4, the energy-saving BLE mode has been improved. This version of the protocol uses new security features to protect data from unauthorized access, has increased connection reliability by selecting the best channel for communication, and prevents connection losses due to interference.