Interface
The main way to connect a wearable gadget with external devices. For smartwatches and fitness bands (see "Type"), this refers to a connection to a smartphone or tablet, while in the case of watch-phones, it usually refers to headsets.
— Bluetooth. Wireless technology for direct communication of various devices with each other. This is the most popular interface in smartwatches and bracelets: Bluetooth modules can be made very tiny, the communication range even in the earliest versions reaches 10 m, and different generations of Bluetooth are mutually compatible in terms of basic functionality. Specifically, the versions nowadays are as follows:
- v2.0. The earliest standard used in modern wearable gadgets. The possibilities of such a connection are more modest than those of more advanced versions, but they are often quite enough.
- v3.0. A standard that combines classic Bluetooth v 2.0 and a high-speed “add-on” for transferring large amounts of data.
- v4.0. Further, after 3.0, improvement of Bluetooth: in addition to the classic and high-speed format, this version added Bluetooth Low Energy technology. Support of this technology is especially useful in fitness trackers, which usually transmit small amounts of data, but constantly.
- v4.1. Modification of the 4.0 standard described above with improved protection against interference while working with LTE mobile communications.
...i> v4.2. Another improvement of the 4.0 standard, which introduced, in particular, improved data protection and increased connection speed.
- — v 5. The fifth generation of Bluetooth was released in 2016. The key innovation in version 5.0 was the expansion of capabilities related to the Internet of Things. Thus, in the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol, it became possible to double the data transfer rate (up to 2 Mbit/s) at the cost of reducing the range, and also quadruple the range at the cost of reducing the speed; In addition, a number of improvements have been introduced regarding simultaneous work with a large number of connected devices.
- — v 5.1. Update of the version described above v 5.0. In addition to general improvements in the quality and reliability of communication, this update introduced such an interesting feature as determining the direction from which the Bluetooth signal is coming. This makes it possible to determine the location of connected devices with centimeter accuracy.
- —v 5.2. The next, after 5.1, is the fifth generation Bluetooth update. The main innovations in this version are a number of security improvements, additional optimization of power consumption in LE mode and a new audio signal format for synchronizing parallel playback on multiple devices.
- —v 5.3. The Bluetooth v 5.3 wireless communication protocol was introduced at the dawn of 2022. Among the innovations in it, they accelerated the process of negotiating a communication channel between the controller and the device, implemented the function of quickly switching between the operating state in a low duty cycle and a high-speed mode, and improved the throughput and stability of the connection by reducing susceptibility to interference. When unexpected interference occurs in Low Energy mode, the procedure for selecting a communication channel to switch from now on has been accelerated. There are no fundamental innovations in protocol 5.3, but a number of qualitative improvements are evident in it.
Of course, to use all the capabilities of a particular version of Bluetooth, it must be supported not only by the gadget itself, but also by the smartphone/tablet to which it is connected.
Gadget OS
The operating system installed on the gadget itself.
In this case, we do not mean basic firmware, but rather a full-fledged OS that provides extensive capabilities. For example, allowing you to install additional applications or functionally tailored for close integration with certain web services. The most popular operating system options for wrist gadgets are presented below:
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Android. The Android mobile OS is known mainly for smartphones and tablets, but its open source code allows it to be optimized for other devices, including wrist devices. Note that traditional Android applications are generally poorly compatible with wrist gadgets, but some programs are able to automatically adapt to such devices, and specialized software is also produced for certain models (often by the manufacturers themselves).
– WatchOS. An operating system specially designed for Apple wrist gadgets and used only in them. Among the key features, it is worth noting support for the Siri voice assistant and the Apple Pay system, a set of fitness tools, as well as a high degree of optimization for Apple Watch controls. WatchOS uses its own applications, which can also be created by third-party developers.
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Wear OS. The system formerly known as Android Wear. This is a specific version of Android, originally developed as a solution for “smart” wrist gadgets. It features a radically redes
...igned interface, close integration with the Google Assistant voice assistant, and so-called proactive notifications. Thanks to the latter, the device is able to independently, without a request, issue extended tips for a certain situation: for example, before an important meeting, plot a route on the map taking into account traffic jams and, if necessary, turn on a reminder earlier than the originally planned time.
— Nucleus. Quite a rare and unusual “OS”: it does not belong to a general-purpose OS, but to real-time systems. Such systems are optimized for the fastest possible response to external events (whereas in conventional operating systems the reaction occurs depending on the distribution of resources). Specifically, Nucleus has all the capabilities necessary for wrist gadgets, however, for a number of reasons, such firmware is quite rare.
— Tizen. An open operating system for mobile devices, primarily promoted by Samsung. As with Android, the original Tizen is poorly suited for smartwatches, so we usually talk about a special version of Tizen Wearable. It is worth noting that there are tools that allow you to run Android applications on devices running this OS.
– ColorOS. A system developed by OPPO and used in its mobile devices. Directly for smart watches, the operating system is presented in the form of ColorOS Watch - the system interface is optimized for use on small screens and includes tools for tracking the user’s physical activity, monitoring sleep and health, managing notifications, etc. Moreover, smartwatches powered by ColorOS Watch can serve as a digital key for some modern Chinese-made cars.
– HarmonyOS. Huawei's universal operating system, also known as Hongmeng. Provides operation of a wide range of devices: equipment from the smart home ecosystem, smart watches, smartphones and tablets. Onboard wearables, HarmonyOS is a redesigned version of the homegrown Lite OS used in Huawei watches and other low-end devices.
– Zepp OS. A specialized real-time system for Amazfit and Zepp smartwatches. It is an open platform for health management and activity tracking, based on the principles of ease, fluidity and practicality. One notable feature of the OS is support for cloud Internet service applications (like Spotify, SoundCloud, etc.).
– Lite OS. A lightweight system for wearable gadgets with limited computing power, used in some simple smartwatch models from Huawei. A more advanced version of the operating system for such devices from the manufacturer is HarmonyOS (see above).
– Fitbit OS. An operating system developed for Fitbit wrist gadgets and used only in them. Fitbit OS supports the installation of various applications on smart watches, the system implements gesture control, and many widgets and watch faces have been released for it. The operating system also provides targeted exercise modes and the possibility of contactless payment for purchases in stores using the NFC chip of the watch using the Fitbit Pay program.
– Moto Watch OS. Proprietary software for Motorola smart watches from the category of real-time systems. Moto Watch OS is designed with an eye toward accurate health tracking, the OS also collects information about user activity, supports receiving notifications from a connected smartphone, and ensures maximum battery life for the wearable gadget. Note that the operating system does not support installing applications from third-party developers - you will have to be content with pre-installed tools and programs.
– MagicOS. An operating system specially designed for Honor wrist gadgets and used only in them. In appearance and in terms of its set of capabilities, it is very similar to the related operating system HarmonyOS, which is found in Huawei wearable devices. It is argued that MagicOS has its own philosophy and development vector.
– BlueOS. Vivo's own OS, which can run a wide range of devices - from mobile phones and tablets to smart watches. In fact, the system’s debut took place on board wearable gadgets in 2023. The “operating system” is written in the Rust programming language with an emphasis on maximum protection of user data. A distinctive feature of BlueOS is generative artificial intelligence. Thus, Vivo smart watches have already implemented the function of creating dials by voice with the participation of AI.
– HyperOS. A unified Linux-based operating system for Xiaomi smart devices. But if in mobile phones HyperOS has replaced the proprietary MIUI shell, then in the smartwatch segment this is something new. The emphasis in Xiaomi's operating system is on the close interconnection of all devices running HyperOS within a single ecosystem.Calls and alerts
Types of notifications, as well as basic voice communication features supported by the gadget.
- Notifications. In classic smart watches and fitness trackers, the specific functionality of such notifications can be different – from a regular sound or vibration signal to the ability to display on the screen and even respond. But in any case, such notifications are often more noticeable to the user than the own signal from a smartphone located deep in a pocket or bag.
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Voice control. The ability to control the device through voice commands. In order for a smartwatch or fitness tracker to perform some simple feature, it is enough to say its name aloud.
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Voice assistant. In watches with voice assistant support, the level of user interaction with the device is displayed in a new qualitative way. The most popular virtual assistants are Google Assistant and Amazon Alexa. In Apple devices, the role of an assistant is performed by Apple Siri, in Samsung wearable gadgets — a virtual assistant Bixby. Unlike the voice control function, the assistant does not just turn on this or that feature, but allows you to perform certain operations in applications that require feedback.
— Sound signal. The ability to give sound signals using the built-in speaker. This feature will be useful primarily in situations where the gadget is not on hand — for example, if it is used as an ala
...rm clock and is removed at night.
— Vibration. Vibration signal similar to that used in mobile phones. In wearable gadgets, such a signal is especially convenient due to the fact that the device is constantly in contact with the wearer's skin, so that the vibration is perfectly felt — and regardless of the level of noise around. In addition, vibration mode is also useful in quiet environments where a loud sound signal is undesirable.
— Built-in microphone. Own microphone built into the body of the device. Such equipment can be used for different purposes, depending on the type and features of the gadget. First of all, voice communication is impossible without a microphone. Another feature for which a microphone is required is the voice assistant (see above). And in children's smartwatches, it may be possible to remotely turn on the microphone from the parent gadget and listen to what is happening around the child; see the relevant paragraph below for details.
— Speakerphone(speaker). The ability to work the gadget in hands-free mode, using the built-in speaker and microphone for conversation. In a conventional smartwatch (see "Type"), this feature allows you to talk through the watch without removing the smartphone from your pocket; in watch-phones, speakerphone allows you to do so without headphones and headsets, and for children's smartwatches, this feature is almost mandatory. However the volume of the built-in speaker is usually low, so in a noisy environment its power may not be enough.Remote tracking
The type of remote tracking provided by the kids beacon (see "Type").
Remote tracking allows the parent to follow the map where the child is currently located. To do this, the beacon determines the current coordinates using the GPS satellite system and transmits them to the parent's smartphone or tablet. Actually, the presence of GPS is mandatory for all types of remote tracking, the difference between them is in how the data is transmitted to the parent. The options might be:
— GSM+GPS. Beacons that transmit data only through the mobile network. Note that the name "GSM" is conditional here, such models can fully work in more advanced 3G (UMTS) and 4G (LTE) networks. The main disadvantage of such a connection is the fact that it requires additional financial costs and control over the state of the account, so that the connection does not disappear at an unexpected moment. On the other hand, these costs are low, and mobile networks are available almost everywhere these days.
— GSM+GPS+Wi-Fi. Beacons capable of transmitting information both through mobile networks and through Wi-Fi access points. Due to additional equipment, they are somewhat more expensive than similar models of the GSM + GPS format, but the communication capabilities are more extensive. So, the mobile network in such devices is mainly used as a fallback in case of lack of Wi-Fi — this saves money and battery power. And Wi-Fi, in turn, can b
...e available even where there is no normal mobile network.Display type
— TFT. The simplest type of liquid crystal panel used in colour displays. They provide a relatively low, but generally sufficient image quality, while they are much cheaper than more advanced options. This type does not require backlight — more precisely, the backlight is part of the screen itself and turns on with it. Of the unequivocal disadvantages, it is worth noting that many
TFT panels have rather limited viewing angles; however, as technology improves, this drawback is gradually eliminated.
— IPS. A variety of LCD panels created in an attempt to eliminate the shortcomings of TFT. There are many subspecies
of IPS panels, but they all feature high colour reproduction quality, excellent brightness and wide viewing angles. The disadvantage of this option is the relatively high cost.
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OLED. In this case, we mean the technology used to create the simplest monochrome displays. In such screens, each segment that makes up the image is a separate LED, which eliminates the need for external illumination (and even the display itself can be used as a
flashlight).
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AMOLED. Screens based on a panel of active organic light emitting diodes. Similar to various types of TFT, this technology allows the creation of high-resolution colour displays. Its key feature is that the screen doe
...s not require a separate backlight system — in AMOLED panels, each pixel glows independently, resulting in somewhat lower power consumption. At the same time, such screens are distinguished by good colour reproduction quality, excellent brightness and wide viewing angles, however, they are much more expensive than TFT.
— Super AMOLED. An enhanced version of the AMOLED technology described above, delivering more expansive colour reproduction and brightness, as well as improved touch accuracy and speed, all at a thinner display and lower power consumption. In addition, the degree of reflection of external light is reduced, such a panel gives less glare and is better visible in sunlight.
— E-Ink (E-Paper). Displays made using "electronic paper" technology; in addition, this category also includes screens such as Memory LCD. The classic E-Ink screen is black and white, does not have a backlight (however, it can be built into particular gadgets), has a very low refresh rate and is poorly suited even for stopwatches, not to mention videos or animated pictures. On the other hand, "electronic paper" is perfectly visible in bright light and has a very low power consumption: it requires electricity only when the image is changed, while a still image remains visible even when the power is completely turned off. Memory LCD screens, in turn, with the same advantages, are almost as good as classic LCD panels in terms of refresh rate, but for a number of reasons they are not widely used.
— Transflective. A specific type of LCD panels that can work both due to its own backlight and due to reflected light. In bright external light (for example, in the sun), such a screen effectively reflects it and does not require a separate backlight — however, it is still included in the design and turns on in low light. This type of operation can significantly reduce power consumption compared to traditional LCD screens, where the image is not visible without backlight; in addition, good visibility in bright light is also an important advantage. The main disadvantage of panels of this type is their high cost; in addition, they are made mostly monochrome.
- LTPO. OLED and AMOLED matrices with an adaptive refresh rate that varies over a wide range based on the tasks performed. When rendering dynamic frames, screens with LTPO technology automatically raise the refresh rate to the maximum values, while viewing static images, they automatically reduce it to the minimum. At the heart of the technology is a traditional LTPS substrate with a thin TFT oxide film on top of the TFT base. Dynamic control of the refresh rate is provided by controlling the electron flow. The key benefit of LTPO screens is their reduced power consumption.Watch face protection
The material from which the transparent cover of the display is made.
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Plastic. Inexpensive, moreover, quite durable and impact-resistant material: even with a strong impact, the plastic is more likely to crack than crumble into fragments. At the same time, scratches easily appear on such a surface, and over time it inevitably becomes cloudy. Because of this, plastic is found predominantly in inexpensive wearable gadgets.
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Glass. In this case, it can mean both classic silicate glass (the same as, for example, in windows), and some original types of impact-resistant glass that are not related to
Gorilla Glass(see below). Regular glass costs more than plastic, but not by much, and it looks better and stays clear longer due to its scratch resistance. The main disadvantages of this material are fragility and a tendency to crumble into sharp fragments upon impact. Impact-resistant glass types are devoid of this drawback to one degree or another, but they are also more expensive. According to the price category of the gadget, you can quite accurately determine what kind of glass it uses — ordinary or shock-resistant.
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Sapphire. The coating made of synthetic sapphire is used exclusively in premium-class gadgets — this is due to the complexity of its production and, accordingly, the high cost. On the practical s
...ide, sapphire is extremely scratch resistant (it is only possible to scratch such glass with a diamond or special tools), but at the same time it is fragile and easily breaks from impact.
— Gorilla glass. A family of shock-resistant glass types created by Corning and widely used in modern electronics, including wearable gadgets. In addition to strength, Gorilla Glass is also distinguished by good scratch resistance, while being relatively inexpensive (by the standards of such a coating), which has led to their popularity. However, the specific properties of such glass depend on its version; Here are the options that are relevant for modern wearable devices:
- Gorilla Glass v3. The oldest current version was released in 2013. Nevertheless, even such a coating is noticeably superior to traditional glass (not to mention plastic) in terms of transparency and scratch resistance.
- Gorilla Glass v4. Version released in 2014. A key feature was that the development of this coating focused on impact resistance (whereas previous generations focused mainly on scratch resistance). As a result, the glass turned out to be twice as strong as in version 3, despite the fact that its thickness was only 0.4 mm.
- Gorilla Glass SR+. The first version of Gorilla Glass, designed specifically for smartwatches and other miniature wearable gadgets; presented in 2016. According to the creators, the scratch resistance of such coatings approaches those of sapphire glass while maintaining the main advantages of Gorilla Glass — high strength and transparency. In general, for this material, superiority over "alternative options" is claimed by 70% in terms of strength specs and by 25% in terms of optical properties.
- Gorilla Glass DX. Another type of glass, specially designed for wearable devices. It was released in 2018 at the same time as the DX+ version (see below). Of the key improvements in Gorilla Glass DX, in particular, increased anti-reflective properties and an increase in the contrast level of the visible image by 50% are announced; the latter, among other things, allows you to reduce the actual brightness and, accordingly, the power consumption of screens without compromising image quality, which is especially important for miniature wearable devices. And this material differs from the DX+ type coating, on the one hand, by lower scratch resistance, and, on the other hand, by higher anti-reflective specs.
- Gorilla Glass DX+. Almost the same as the original version of DX, related to the same specialization — wearable wearable gadgets and other miniature devices. At the same time, DX + has a higher scratch resistance, but has slightly worse anti-reflective specs. Otherwise, these types of coverage are almost identical.
CPU model
The model name of the processor (CPU) installed in the watch. Knowing this name, you can find detailed data on a particular CPU and evaluate its level and general capabilities. This is especially important due of the fact that these capabilities depend not only on the basic specs (number of cores, clock frequency), but also on specific design nuances.
RAM
The amount of random access memory (RAM) installed in the gadget.
This parameter is one of the key ones for the overall performance of the system: the more RAM, the faster the device works, the easier it is to handle tasks with high hardware requirements and the wider the set of applications that the gadget is able to run. Note that a large amount of RAM can compensate for even a relatively weak CPU. At the same time, you need to remember that different operating systems (see above) have different requirements for RAM and features of its use; therefore, only models on the same software platform can be compared by this indicator.
Memory storage
The amount of own storage provided in the design of the watch/bracelet. This memory is used for permanent storage of various information: call log, received SMS and other messages, additional applications, data on physical activity for a certain time, etc. The larger its volume, the more data can be stored in the device without the need to clean it to free up space. On the other hand, in the operation of smartwatches, large volumes (
64 GB,
32 GB,
16 GB, even
8 GB and
4 GB) are not always required, capacious drives are quite expensive, and replaceable cards installed in corresponding slot (see below).