Comparison Apple AirPods 3 with Wireless Charging Case vs Apple AirPods Max

In this paragraph, first of all, the method of mount on the ears is specified; according to this parameter, modern headphones are divided into overhead, earbuds, in- ear, glasses and headbands. For on-ear models, the acoustic design (closed, semi-open, open) can also be specified here, as well as the presence of such features as a full-dimensions (over-ear) design (in the absence of this feature, such headphones are called “on-ear”, or simply on-ears), swivel earcups, auto-adjust headband, or even the mid-2021 trend, Cat Ears. And details such as a rigid headband, behind-the- ear mount, mount on the neck and the ability to fold can be combined with almost any method of placement on the ears (with a few exceptions - for example, on-ear models are not attached to the neck).

Here is a more detailed description of the different ear placement options:

- Overhead. Overhead headphones are called headphones that are located outside the auricles, covering the ear from the side (“regular” overhead models) or completely (full-sized Over-Ear - see below about them). In any case, such models are quit...e large in dimensions. This, on the one hand, simplifies the creation of headphones with advanced sound characteristics, and also allows you to apply some specific tricks without much difficulty - for example, several emitters or support for multi-channel surround sound. On the other hand, the dimensions of the "ears" complicate the transportation and use on the go. In addition, it is worth considering that most overhead models have a headband, which is why they are poorly compatible with complex hairstyles and some headdresses. Models with rigid temples and behind-the-ear fasteners do not have this disadvantage, but they also have their own specifics (see below).
On-ear headphones can have different acoustic design:

• Closed. Models with a high degree of sound insulation, protecting the user from extraneous sounds as much as possible. This design contributes to a rich sound (especially in the bass range) as well as a very powerful immersion effect, making it well suited for home use (including computer games) and noisy environments. But it is not recommended to use such “ears” on the street: complete isolation from surrounding sounds in such conditions can be unsafe. In addition, it is believed that a completely closed design slightly degrades the sound fidelity.
• Open. Headphones with a minimum level of sound isolation, allowing most of the external sounds to pass through. They are inferior to closed ones in terms of power and saturation of sound, as well as efficiency in noisy environments; in addition, the sound from such headphones is well audible to others. On the other hand, open models generally provide more authentic sound and are better suited for situations where you need to control your surroundings, such as outdoor applications.
• Semi-open. A kind of compromise between the options described above: headphones with better sound insulation than in open models, but still not up to closed “ears” in this indicator. For some users, this middle option may turn out to be more comfortable. In addition, semi-open headphones are also appreciated in professional work with sound: they retain the richness of the bass and at the same time do not create the distortion typical of a completely closed design.
• With rigid shackle. Rigid headband allows you to securely fix the ear pads on the ears. A close analogue of the rigid headband is the headband of full-dimensions headphones, but in contrast to it, the headband is worn on the back of the head, and not on the top of the head. For this reason, hard temples are made mostly without padding, from bare plastic/metal. Headphones with a rigid headband most often have a sports focus, because the headphones, located on the back of the head, will not fidget on the head even with intense running. On-ear headphones are pressed tightly against the auricles, but the speakers themselves are placed on the outside of the auditory canals.
• Cat Ear ("ears"). On-ear headphones in an interesting design - with an imitation of cat ears on the headband. Such an addition does not affect performance, however, the "ears" look unusual and can be a great addition to the bright, original style of the owner. Cat Ear headphones are especially popular among teenagers.

- Intrachannel. Tiny earphones that, when used, are inserted directly into the ear canals. For ease of wearing, rubber or silicone pads are provided, often several of these pads are included in the kit to adjust to a specific ear dimensions. This design combines compactness and advanced performance: earbuds “ears” are often comparable to overhead ones in terms of sound volume and bass saturation, and the degree of sound insulation is very high (many models can even be used as impromptu earplugs). On the other hand, complete isolation from external sounds can sometimes be a disadvantage - for example, when cycling or walking along a busy street.

- Intracanal with a rigid shackle. In-ear headphones are laid inside the auditory canals, which allows them to be fixed as securely as possible in the ear and not fall off. The presence of a rigid bow further increases the reliability of fixing the headphones. This type of headphone is well suited for sports. The rigid headband and earbuds design of the sound emitters keep the earbuds securely in place even during intense running.

- Inserts. Also known colloquially as "pills". Similar to earbuds headphones, these headphones are small in dimensions and are placed in the auricle - however, not in the depth of the auditory canal, but at its very beginning, almost outside. This makes the earbuds somewhat simpler in design and cheaper, but it is more difficult to achieve rich sound and advanced acoustic characteristics in them. Such models give a rather low sound insulation, but this can be both a disadvantage and an advantage, depending on the situation. And some headphones of this type have an elongated shape, due to which they sit deeper in the ears and, in terms of their capabilities, can approach earbuds models.

Separately, it is worth noting that earbuds models and earbuds do not use headbands - the headphones are either completely separate or connected with a device such as a rigid headband or neck mount. So these headphones can be worn with almost any hairstyle or headdress without any problems.

— Inserts with a rigid headband. The earbuds are simply inserted into the passage of the auditory canal without penetrating deeply into it. This is not the most reliable way to fix the headphones, but due to the presence of a rigid headband, the earbuds gain a firm fit and a secure fit. The headphones themselves have an open sound path design, and therefore reproduce audio with a noticeable distortion of the original sound signal. But at the same time, the open acoustics scheme allows you to clearly hear what is happening in the surrounding space.

As for additional design features, they can be as follows:

- Full-dimensions Over-Ear. On-ear headphones (see above) in which each cup completely covers the ear and fits snugly to the head. The cups themselves in such models are made quite large and are equipped with characteristic soft "borders" around the perimeter of the inner side - these borders are adjacent to the head, so that the auricle is actually inside the cup. The main advantage of this design is that the headphones (with the right dimensions) practically do not touch the user's ears and do not put pressure on them - this is especially comfortable during prolonged use. In addition, it is easier to achieve high-quality sound insulation in Over-Ear models (although among them it is quite possible to find models with semi-open and even completely open acoustic design). The main disadvantage of such devices is bulkiness and inconvenience in transportation and use on the go. In addition, when wearing glasses, the Over-Ear cups usually press on the temples from the sides, which can cause discomfort.

- Auto headband adjustment. A headband that can automatically adjust to the dimensions of the user's head. Such a headband usually consists of two parts - a rigid, usually metal, base, and a soft inner part, which is adjacent directly to the head. It is the inner part that is able to stretch, and the user only needs to place the cups on the ears so that it is comfortable - and the headband itself will increase to the desired dimensions.

- Rigid bow. A shackle made of rigid material that connects both headphones and is located on the back of the head when worn; in some models it can also serve as a neck mount (see below). The advantage of such a device over the classic headband is that the bow can be used with almost any hairstyle and headgear. On the other hand, in earbuds models and earbuds (see above), this feature makes the headphones more bulky, and in over-ear models it makes sense to use it only with conventional models that are not related to full-dimensions Over Ear. Therefore, as well as for a number of other reasons, in our time the bow is not particularly popular.

- Ear mount. Attachment that allows you to fix each earpiece directly on the ear; as a rule, it has the appearance of a characteristic bow. This feature is found in all types of modern "ears", except for Over Ear (see above), and its specific meaning depends primarily on the main way the earpiece is placed on the ear. So, for earbuds models and earbuds, the behind-the-ear mount provides additional reliability of retention: the likelihood that the earpiece will fall out of the ear is reduced to almost zero due to such a retainer. In overhead "ears" this feature is much less common, and its main idea is to do without a headband or a rigid headband - in some cases, these design elements are redundant.

- Attachment to the neck. A feature that is found exclusively in wireless and combined models (see "Connection type") - and only earbuds and earbuds (see above). Both headphones in such models are connected to each other either with a regular wire with a thickened part, or with a special horseshoe-shaped hoop (a separate “ear” is connected to each end of such a hoop with a wire). In any case, when worn, such a wire or hoop is located at the back of the user's neck, which provides additional convenience: headphones removed from the ears (or dropped out) do not fall to the ground, but remain hanging on the mount. And in some models, special magnets are also provided, with which you can “stick” the headphones taken out of your ears to each other, turning the entire structure into a ring - this further reduces the risk of dropping the device.

- Possibility of folding. The earphones can be folded compactly for storage and transport. Note that this feature is indicated only for overhead models (see above) - earbuds headphones and earbuds are quite portable in themselves, there is no need to provide a special folding design for them.

- Swivel bowls. A design feature found in over-ear headphones (see above). Rotary in this case means bowls that, in the working position, can be rotated at a certain angle around the vertical axis. This allows the headphones to further adapt to the dimensions and shape of the user's head - which, in turn, increases comfort, especially when worn for a long time. On the other hand, the swivel mount somewhat complicates the design of the headphones, increases its cost and somewhat reduces reliability.

- Glasses. Headphones in the form factor of glasses. The sound of such models is transmitted either by directional speakers built into the temples, or directly to the inner ear by conduction through the bones of the skull. In addition to music, bone conduction glasses provide audibility of what is happening around.

- Headband. Headbands with built-in earphones. In a similar format, children's's models of headbands with bright prints of cartoon characters and fairy-tale characters are produced, as well as headbands for fans of a sports lifestyle. Headphones in such models are usually made removable, which allows you to wash the headband.

The presence of a noise reduction system in its own headphone microphone.

In accordance with the name, such a system is designed to eliminate extraneous noise - primarily during conversations. It is usually based on an electronic filter that passes the sound of a human voice and cuts off background sounds such as city noise, the rumble of wind in the microphone grille, etc. As a result, even in noisy environments, thanks to the noise reduction of the microphone, speech is clear and intelligible; True, the system inevitably introduces distortions into the final sound, but they are not critical in this case.

— ENC. ENC (Environment Noise Cancellation) technology significantly reduces ambient noise with directional microphones. It is used both in gaming devices so that gamers can easily communicate in voice chat, and in TWS earphone models so that you can comfortably talk on the phone in a noisy environment.

— cVc. Microphone noise reduction cVc (Clear Voice Capture) is an advanced technology that is found mainly in expensive headphone models. cVc algorithms effectively suppress echo and noise from the environment. Sound processing using this technology is carried out at several levels at once - the algorithm determines the reference signal-to-noise level, automatically adjusts speech to the desired volume level, applies adaptive equalizers to process the entire voice, as well as specialized filters to remove...low-frequency bubbling, sibilants and hissing.

The headphones have their own volume control. Such a regulator can be placed both on the wire and on one of the cups (the latter is typical for wireless models). Anyway, this function allows you to easily adjust the volume: for this you do not need to go into the computer settings, press the buttons on the player or smartphone, etc., just use the control at hand. On the other hand, additional equipment complicates and increases the cost of the design, and also increases the likelihood of distortion. In light of the latter, volume control is almost never found in professional headphones.

A system that reduces the influence of ambient noise on the audibility of sound through headphones. "Noise reduction" with the help of a separate microphone (or several micro) "listens" to external sounds and sends the same sounds to the headphones, but in antiphase. Due to this, the noise heard by the ears is attenuated almost to zero and the user can enjoy the sound of the headphones without interference even in a rather “loud” environment. For filtering in headphones, Active Noise Cancellation (ANC) and Environment Noise Cancellation (ENC) systems are used. The first suppresses all the noise around the listener, the second - reduces the noise level of the environment. Active noise cancellation affects the purity of the sound, but the noise from the outside spoils the picture when listening to audio tracks even more.

Also in the headphones there is an adaptive active noise reduction system Adaptive ANC, aimed at automatically adjusting the sound of the headphones depending on the level of ambient noise. In a noisy environment (for example, when traveling on the subway), the Adaptive ANC system enhances the work of “noise reduction”, in the absence of loud sounds from outside, it weakens the noise reduction.

A feature that allows the user to hear the sounds of the surrounding world without removing the headphones.

This possibility is relevant mainly for models with a high degree of sound insulation; so the transparent mode can be found mainly among in-ear models, as well as overhead "ears" of the Over Ear format in a closed acoustic design. A special microphone is responsible for the operation of the function, which “listens” to the surrounding sounds and broadcasts them to the headphones. In Talk Through mode, you can, for example, listen to the interlocutor or control the environment on a busy street. And some headphones with this feature also have more advanced functions, including automatic adjustment to the situation: such models turn on on their own to transmit speech, “hearing” the loud voice of a person nearby. Individual headphones react to loud street noises in the transparent Ambient Aware mode — it means broadcasting noises through the speaker that can be potential danger signals (screams, car signals, etc.).

Note that most models with Talk through also have an active noise reduction function (see above), and the “transparent mode” in them is one of the noise reduction modes. However, exceptions to this rule are possible — technically transparent mode does not have to be combined with noise reduction.

A technology used in Bluetooth models (see "Connection") that allows the headphones to connect to multiple devices at the same time. Thanks to this, you can, for example, listen to music from a laptop, and when a call comes in on a mobile phone, switch the headphones to a conversation. This technology has its own characteristics for different manufacturers, and therefore, if the multipoint function is critical for you, you should separately clarify the details of its operation in the selected model.

Codecs and additional audio processing technologies supported by Bluetooth headphones (see “Connection”). Initially, sound transmission via Bluetooth involves fairly strong signal compression; This is not critical when transmitting speech, but can greatly spoil the impression when listening to music. To eliminate this shortcoming, various technologies are used, in particular aptX, aptX HD, aptX Low Latency, aptX Adaptive, AAC, LDAC and LHDC. Of course, to use any of the technologies, it must be supported not only by the “ears”, but also by the Bluetooth device with which they are used. Here are the main features of each option:

- aptX. A Bluetooth codec designed to significantly improve the quality of audio transmitted over Bluetooth. According to the creators, it allows you to achieve quality comparable to Audio CD (16-bits/44.1kHz). The benefits of aptX are most noticeable when listening to high-quality content (such as lossless formats), but even on regular MP3 it can provide a noticeable sound improvement.

- aptX HD. Development and improvement of the original aptX, allowing for sound purity comparable to Hi-Res audio (24-bits/48kHz). As in the original, the benefits of aptX HD are noticeable mainly on high-quality...audio, although this codec will not be out of place for MP3.

- aptX Low Latency. A specific version of aptX described above, designed not so much to improve sound quality, but to reduce delays in signal transmission. Such delays inevitably occur when working via Bluetooth; They are not critical for listening to music, but when watching videos or playing games, there may be a noticeable desynchronization between the image and sound. The aptX LL codec eliminates this phenomenon, reducing latency to 32 ms - such a difference is imperceptible to human perception (although for serious tasks like studio audio work it is still too high). aptX LL support is found mainly in gaming headphones.

- aptX Adaptive. Further development of aptX; actually combines the capabilities of aptX HD and aptX Low Latency, but is not limited to this. One of the main features of this standard is the so-called adaptive bitrate: the codec automatically adjusts the actual data transfer rate based on the characteristics of the broadcast content (music, game audio, voice communications, etc.) and the congestion of the frequencies used. This, in particular, helps reduce energy consumption and increase communication reliability; and special algorithms allow you to broadcast sound quality comparable to aptX HD (24 bits/48 kHz), using much less transmitted data. And the minimum data transfer latency (at the aptX LL level) makes this codec excellent for games and movies.

- A.A.C. A Bluetooth codec used primarily in portable Apple gadgets. In terms of capabilities, it is noticeably inferior to more advanced standards like aptX or LDAC: the sound quality when using AAC is comparable to an average MP3 file. However, for listening to the same MP3s, this is quite enough; the difference becomes noticeable only on more advanced formats. AAC hardware requirements are low, and its support in headphones is inexpensive.

— LDAC. Sony's proprietary Bluetooth codec. It surpasses even aptX HD in terms of bandwidth and potential sound quality, providing performance at the Hi-Res level of 24-bits/96kHz audio; there is even an opinion that this is the maximum quality that it makes sense to provide in wireless headphones - further improvement will simply be imperceptible to the human ear. On the other hand, supporting this standard is not cheap, and there are still quite a few gadgets with such support - these are, in particular, Sony smartphones, as well as mid- and high-end devices running Android 8.0 Oreo and later versions.

- LHDC. LHDC (Low latency High-Definition audio Codec) is a high-definition, low-latency codec developed by the Hi-Res Wireless Audio Alliance and Savitech. In the vast majority of cases, its support is implemented at the hardware level in Huawei and Xiaomi smartphones. The codec is also known as HWA (Hi-Res Wireless Audio). When using LHDC, signal transmission from the phone to the headphones is carried out with a bits rate of up to 900 kbps, a bits depth of up to 24 bits and a sampling frequency of up to 96 kHz. This ensures a stable and reliable communication with reduced latency. The codec is optimally suited for high-end wireless headphones and advanced digital audio formats.

The declared operating time of headphones with autonomous power supply (see above) when listening to music on a single battery charge or a set of batteries.

As a rule, the characteristics indicate a certain average operating time in music listening mode, for standard conditions; in practice, it will depend on the intensity of use, volume level and other operating parameters, and in models with replaceable batteries - also on the quality of specific batteries. However, based on the stated time, you can fairly reliably assess the autonomy of the selected headphones and compare them with other models. As for specific values, relatively “short-lived” devices have a battery life of up to 8 hours, a figure of 8 – 12 hours can be called quite good, 12 – 20 hours – very good, and in the most “long-lasting” headphones the operating time can exceed 20 hours.

The maximum battery life of headphones on one full charge of the battery or replaceable batteries in talk mode. A long working time will be relevant for those who expect to regularly conduct long telephone conversations. Note that in talk mode, autonomy may be lower than when listening to music, since the use of microphones and clear voice transmission algorithms puts an additional burden on the hardware of the headphones.