Comparison Powercom Spider SPD-1000N 1000 VA vs FSP DP 1000 IEC 1000 VA

— Standby. The simplest type of UPS, familiar to most ordinary users. Its main purpose is the ability to “softly” shut down work in case of power problems. When the voltage level is normal, the UPS supplies power to the load from the mains, and when the voltage drops or fails, it switches to its own battery. The resource of this battery is usually small — on the order of several minutes, which is usually enough only to save data. Also, such UPSs can smooth out short-term power surges, however, if such surges occur constantly, this wears out the battery and adversely affects the source itself. Redundant UPSs are widely used in home and office environments, they are usually of low power.

— Smart. A kind of development of the idea of backup UPS; such sources not only provide power in case of a decrease or loss of voltage in the network — they also play the role of voltage stabilizers. The design of such UPSs includes a special regulator (usually in the form of a transformer) that compensates for changes in input voltage and supplies a stable voltage to the output. This allows you to supply constant voltage to the load without the use of batteries, making such blocks well suited for operation in networks with unstable voltage — they not only protect the load, but also do not wear out themselves. Interactive UPSs also mostly have low power and battery capacity and are used to protect individual devices.<...br>
— Inverter (online). Another name is "double conversion". The most advanced type of UPS providing the highest degree of protection. The name comes from the inverter — an output voltage generator that directly supplies power to the load. The inverter itself simultaneously receives power from two sources — from the network and from a charged battery. In the event of a critical decrease or loss of voltage in the network, the inverter continues to supply energy, only from the battery. Such a scheme avoids voltage surges when switching from the mains to the battery (which is a serious drawback of the two types of UPS described above and can even damage the especially sensitive electronics connected to them). Inverter UPSs have the highest power (up to the ability to power an entire building) and can be designed for a three-phase connection (see "Input voltage"), and some models allow you to select batteries of different capacities, depending on specific needs. On the other hand, inverter UPSs are not very efficient, noisy and expensive, so they are mainly used when high power or advanced protection is critical.

— Low voltage. Miniature UPS for low-voltage electronics backup. Mini devices provide a low voltage DC output (typically 9V, 12V, 15V, or 18V). Traditional sockets are not provided for in their design, and you can usually connect one consumer to them. For example, when there is a power outage from a backup mini-UPS, a short-term autonomous power supply is established for the router (for up to one hour), security systems.

— Normal (Tower). UPS designed for floor mounting or placement on any suitable horizontal surface. This “installation” is extremely simple, and it is suitable even for the most powerful and heaviest devices, and therefore most modern uninterruptible power supplies (of all categories) are made in the usual Tower form factor. They are supposed to be placed vertically.

— Rack (in a rack). Models for installation in telecommunication racks. Most of these uninterruptible power supplies belong to the professional equipment segment, designed to power servers and other similar electronics (which are also often mounted in a similar way). The most common rack standard is 19", however there are other options, so it would be a good idea to check the compatibility of the UPS with a specific rack separately. We also note that models of this type are often equipped with legs that allow you to place the device on the floor “sideways” or in a vertical position. Display (if available) in such models may have a rotating design for ease of reading parameters in both positions.

— Wall-mounted. Uninterruptible power supplies, primarily designed for wall mounting. Wall hanging may be the best option in tight spaces. However, such an installation is not the only option - many devices can optionally be installed on the floor. Also note that wall-mounted UPSs are often used for h...eating boilers. The main disadvantage of this form factor is the need to drill into the walls to install an uninterruptible power supply.

- Flat. UPS, structurally assembled in a low, flat housing. As a rule, this form factor allows for several options for installing equipment: the uninterruptible power supply can be installed horizontally or vertically. However, it is the horizontal method of installing the UPS that predominates. In fact, everything depends on the location of the uninterruptible power supply and its dimensions - it would not hurt to clarify this point separately.

— Extension cord. Uninterruptible power supplies that resemble an extension cord in appearance. Structurally, such UPSs consist of a set of sockets in one housing, with the sockets located on the top platform of the uninterruptible power supply. Often, the housing of such UPSs is provided with holes or fasteners for wall mounting.

In this case, the input voltage range is implied, in which the UPS is able to supply a stable voltage to the load only due to its own regulators, without switching to the battery. For redundant UPSs (see "Type") this range is quite small, approximately 190 to 260 V; for interactive and especially inverter ones, it is much wider. Some UPS models allow you to manually set the input voltage range.

Bypass(by-pass) means such a mode of operation of the UPS, in which power is supplied to the load directly from an external source — the mains, diesel generator, etc. — practically without processing in the UPS itself. This mode can be activated either automatically or manually.

— The automatic bypass is a kind of safety measure. It turns on when the UPS in normal mode cannot supply power to the load — for example, when the UPS is overloaded due to a sharp increase in the power consumption of the load.

— Manual bypass allows you to enable this mode at the request of the user, regardless of the operating parameters. This may be necessary, for example, to hot-swap a battery (see below for details) or to start equipment that has a starting capacity greater than that of the UPS. Technically, it can also play the role of a security measure, but automatic systems are more reliable in this sense.

Some UPSs provide both options for enabling the bypass.

The effective output power of the UPS is, in fact, the maximum active power of the load that can be connected to the device.

Active power is consumed directly for the operation of the device; it is expressed in watts. In addition to it, most AC devices also consume reactive power, which is "wasted" (relatively speaking) is spent by coils and capacitors. Apparent power (denoted in volt-amperes) is precisely the sum of active and reactive power; it is this characteristic that should be used in accurate electrical calculations. See "Maximum output power" for details; here we note that when selecting a UPS for a relatively simple application, it is quite possible to use only effective power. This is at least easier than converting the watts claimed in the characteristics of the connected devices into full power volt-amps.

The most modest modern "uninterruptibles" give out less than 500 watts. 501 – 1000 W can be considered an average value, 1.1 – 2 kW is above average, and in the most powerful models this figure exceeds 2 kW and can reach very impressive values (up to 1000 kW or more in some industrial class UPS).

This parameter characterizes the degree of difference between the AC voltage at the output of the UPS and the perfect voltage, the graph of which has the shape of a regular sinusoid. The perfect voltage is so named because it is the most uniform and creates the least unnecessary load on the connected devices. Thus, the distortion of the output voltage is one of the most important parameters that determine the quality of the power received by the load. A distortion level of 0% means that the UPS produces a perfect sine wave, up to 5% — slight sine wave distortion, up to 18% — strong distortion, from 18% to 40% — a trapezoidal signal, more than 40% — a square wave.

The number of outlets connected to the power reserve(battery) provided in the design of the UPS. In order for the UPS to fulfill its main role (providing a backup power in case of power outages), the corresponding electrical appliances must be connected to these outlets. The sockets have a standard shape and are compatible with the vast majority of popular 230 V plugs.

At a minimum, the UPS has 1 or 2 outlets and, in more advanced ones, there may be 3 or more.

The number of outlets without connection to the power reserve provided in the design of the UPS. For devices connected to such outlets, the UPS only performs the function of a surge protector — it smooths out small voltage irregularities; when the mains voltage fails, the power to these outlets is also turned off. The sockets have a standard shape and are compatible with the vast majority of popular 230 V plugs. The presence of sockets without a reserve allows you to connect equipment with different requirements for uninterrupted power supply to one UPS. For example, sockets with a reserve (see above) can include a system unit and a monitor, and a printer can be connected to a socket without a reserve. Thus, if the mains power fails, the computer will continue to work, allowing you to save data, and the printer will turn off, thus saving battery power and providing longer UPS runtime.

A socket for a specific type of plug in the UPS design.

— Type F (Schuko). A traditional European socket with two round holes in the center and grounding contacts in the form of two metal brackets (at the top and bottom of the socket). The term Schuko stuck to this type of socket due to the abbreviation from the German Schutzkontakt - protective contact.

— Type E (French). The French style socket has two round holes and a protruding ground pin just above them in the center. The standard has become widespread in France, Poland and Belgium (along with the traditional type F sockets).

— Type G (British). The plug for such sockets consists of two flat horizontal pins and one flat vertical pin for grounding. The standard is found mainly in the countries of the United Kingdom, Malta, Cyprus, Singapore and Hong Kong.

— Type B (American). American-style sockets are designed for plugs with two flat prongs and a semicircular grounding contact. Type B is widely used in regions with voltage 110 - 127 V - USA, Japan, Saudi Arabia, etc.