Comparison hard Drives

— External. Hard drives designed to be used as external removable devices. They are carried out in separate protected cases, often they are powered from an external source; are designed to be plugged in and out regularly and are well suited for transporting large amounts of information between computers. The most popular way to connect such drives is USB, but there are other options (for more details, see "Connection interfaces")

— Internal. Hard drives designed to be installed inside a computer or laptop case and permanently function as an element of a computer system. They do not involve frequent reconnection — technically it is possible, but much more problematic than in the case of external drives. Most often they are connected via the SATA interface of one version or another (see "Connection interfaces"), other options are relatively rare, mainly among professional models.

The type to which the drive belongs. Hard drives in a broad sense again include several types of drives:

— HDD. Hard drives in the classical sense of the word are drives that record information on rotating magnetic platters. Despite the emergence of more advanced types of drives, classic HDDs still do not lose popularity due to the combination of impressive volumes and low cost. Their main disadvantages are significant weight and power consumption, as well as relatively low speed of reading and writing data.

— SSHD. Hybrid drives that combine the HDD described above and an SSD solid-state drive in one case; while the system perceives SSHD as a single device. The idea of such a combination is to increase the speed of reading and writing, while retaining the main advantage of the HDD — large volumes at a low cost. To do this, the solid state part of the SSHD acts as a high-speed clipboard between the system and the HDD; in terms of speed, such systems, although they do not reach full-fledged SSDs, are noticeably superior to traditional hard drives.

— RAID array. RAID arrays implemented as separate devices (usually external, see "Execution"). Such a device consists of several hard drives installed in one housing and combined into an array, perceived by the system as a single drive. There are several types (levels) of RAID, which differ in the way disks interact in an array and..., accordingly, in the specifics of their application. So, in RAID 0, information is alternately written to each disk, which increases the speed of work; in RAID 1, each disk is a copy of all the others, which gives maximum fault tolerance, etc. Detailed information on RAID levels can be found in special sources. Also note here that buying a RAID array may turn out to be more convenient than assembling it from separately purchased disks: a ready-made array is initially equipped with everything you need and requires only minimal configuration. The main thing is to clarify before buying which RAID levels the selected model supports.

The general purpose of a hard drive is the type of devices for which it was originally intended.

— For PC. Hard drives designed for use with conventional consumer computers and laptops. At the same time, the possibility of installing an internal HDD (see "Performance") directly depends on the form factor (see the relevant paragraph), while external models are not subject to such restrictions — it is enough for them to have the appropriate connection connector. Also note that almost all external hard drives are designed specifically for PCs; making server models external is not technically justified.

— For the server. Hard drives designed for servers have increased speed and reliability, because they constantly have to receive and give large amounts of information. To ensure speed, they may provide an increased rotation speed (up to 15,000 rpm). Such drives are made only internal (see "Performance"), and, in addition to SATA, they can use other, more specific connection methods — for example, SAS(see "Connection interfaces").

— For game console. Specialized hard drives designed for use with game consoles. They are made only external (see "Performance"), they are intended mainly for storing games — including saves and user settings profiles. The main difference between such devices and classic external HDDs is...precisely the optimization for working with game consoles, including the availability of special software tools for improved integration. Many of these drives are originally designed for a specific model or family of set-top boxes.

Rated capacity is one of the key parameters of a hard drive, which determines how much information can fit on it. For SSHD, this item indicates the capacity of only the hard drive, for RAID arrays, the total capacity of the array.

The volume of information in the modern world is constantly growing and require more and more capacious drives. So in most cases it makes sense to choose a larger disk. In fact, the question of choosing this parameter often rests only on the price: the cost of the drive directly depends on the volume.

If the question is in such a way that you need to choose a disk "smaller and cheaper, but that's enough" — it's worth evaluating the amount of information that you have to deal with and the specifics of use. For example, for an ordinary office PC, designed mainly for working with documents, an internal drive of 2 TB and even 1 TB will be more than enough, and an enthusiastic gamer will need 4 TB, 6 TB and even 8 TB will not be superfluous. If you use a disc for recording from camcorders, then you can get a 10 TB, 12 TB, 14 TB, 16 TB, 18 TB or more HDD.

The form factor in which the hard drive is made.

This indicator determines primarily the size of the device. But its more specific meaning depends on the execution (see the relevant paragraph). So, in the case of external drives, only the overall dimensions of the case depend on the form factor, and then quite approximately. But internal HDDs are installed in slots with a well-defined size and location of holes for fasteners; these holes are made specifically for one form factor or another. For desktop PCs, the standard form factor is 3.5", for laptops — 2.5" ; at the same time, there has been a recent trend in desktops towards miniaturization and the transition to 2.5-inch drives. Theoretically, there is an even smaller form factor — 1.8", but in fact it is used mainly among ultra-compact external HDDs.

— SATA. Nowadays, it is the most popular interface for connecting internal hard drives. the first version of SATA provides a data transfer speed of about 1.2 Gbit/s, SATA 2 has a practical data transfer speed of about 2.4 Gbit/s (300 MB/s), and the most advanced generation of SATA 3 has a speed of 4.8 Gbit/s (600 MB/s)

- eSATA. Modification of the SATA interface designed for connecting external hard drives; not compatible with internal SATA. Practical data transfer speed is similar to SATA 2 and is about 2.4 Gbps (300 MB/s).

- SAS. Modification of the SCSI interface provides data transfer speeds up to 6 Gbit/s (750 Mb/s). It is used mainly in servers; it is practically never used in desktop PCs and laptops.

- USB 2.0. The earliest of the USB standards found in modern hard drives - and exclusively external ones (see “Execution”). Provides connection to a traditional full-size USB port, provides data transfer speeds of up to 480 Mbit/s, as well as fairly low power supply, which is why drives with this type of connection often require additional power. In light of all this, as well as the emergence of the more advanced USB 3.2 standard (see below), today USB 2.0 is considered obsolete and is extremely rare, mainly in inexpensive and early models of drives. However, a disk with this interface can also be connected to a n...ewer USB port - the main thing is that the connectors match.

— USB 3.2 gen1(previous names USB 3.1 gen1 and USB 3.0). A standard for connecting external HDDs, which replaced the USB 2.0 described above. Uses a traditional full-size USB connector, provides data transfer speeds of up to 4.8 Gbps (600 MB/s), as well as higher power supply, making it easier to do without external power in such drives. However, for the same reason, you need to be careful when connecting USB 3.2 gen1 drives to older USB 2.0 connectors - such a connector may not have enough power to power a newer drive.

- USB 3.2 gen2. Further development of the USB 3.2 standard (previously known as USB 3.1 gen2 and USB 3.1). The maximum data transfer rate in this version has been increased to 10 Gbps, and the power supply can reach 100 W (with support for USB Power Delivery technology). At the same time, drives with this type of connection can also work with earlier versions of full-size USB connectors - the main thing is that there is enough power supply.

— USB C 3.2 gen1(previous names USB C 3.1 gen1 and USB C 3.0). Connection via USB C connector, corresponding to USB 3.2 gen1 capabilities. These capabilities are described in more detail above; the difference from the “regular” USB 3.2 gen1 in this case lies only in the type of connector: it is a relatively small (slightly larger than microUSB) socket, which also has a double-sided design. Thanks to its compact size, USB C is found both in full-size PCs and laptops, as well as in compact gadgets like smartphones and tablets; Some drives with this connection initially allow “mobile” use.

— USB C 3.2 gen2(previous names USB C 3.1 gen2 and USB C 3.1). Update and improvement of the USB C 3.2 gen1 described above - the same USB C connector and increased data transfer speed to 10 Gbps (as in the “regular” USB 3.2 gen2).

- Thunderbolt. High-speed interface for connecting external peripherals. It is used mainly in Apple computers and laptops, although it is also found in equipment from other manufacturers. Note that in modern HDDs there are mainly two versions of Thunderbolt, which differ not only in operating speed, but also in connector: Thunderbolt v2(up to 20 Gbps) uses a miniDisplayPort plug, and Thunderbolt v3(up to 40 Gbps) — USB C plug (see above). In light of this, some hard drives implement USB C and Thunderbolt connections through a single hardware connector, which automatically detects which computer input the device is connected to.

Manufacturer's warranty provided for this model.

In fact, this is the minimum service life promised by the manufacturer, subject to the rules of operation. Most often, the actual service life of the device is much longer than the guaranteed one.

The amount of internal hard drive memory. This memory is an intermediate link between the high-speed computer RAM and the relatively slow mechanics responsible for reading and writing information on disk platters. In particular, the buffer is used to store the most frequently requested data from the disk — thus, the access time to them is reduced.
Technically, the size of the buffer affects the speed of the hard drive — the larger the buffer, the faster the drive. However, this influence is rather insignificant, and at the level of human perception, a significant difference in performance is noticeable only when the buffer size of the two drives differs many times — for example, 8 MB and 64 MB.

For drives used in a PC (see "Intended use"), 5400 rpm(normal) and 7200 rpm(high) are considered standard speeds. There are also more specific options, including models with the ability to adjust the speed depending on the load. In server HDDs, in turn, higher speeds can be used — 10,000 rpm and even 15,000 rpm.