Alternator winding
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Copper. Copper winding is typical for advanced class generators. The copper alternator is characterized by high conductivity and low resistance. The conductivity of copper is 1.7 times higher than the conductivity of aluminium, such a winding heats up less, and compounds made of this metal endure temperature drops and vibration loads. Among the disadvantages of the copper winding, one can only note the high cost of the alternator. Otherwise, generators with copper winding have high reliability and durability.
— Aluminium. The aluminium winding of the alternator is typical for low-cost-class generators. The main advantages of aluminium are light weight and low price; otherwise, such a winding is usually inferior to copper counterparts. An oxide film is created on the surface of aluminium, it appears everywhere, even in the places of contact soldering. The oxide film undermines the contacts and does not allow the outer protective braid to securely hold the aluminium conductors.
Starter type
Method of starting the electric generator engine. To start the internal combustion engine (petrol or diesel, see "Fuel"), it is necessary to turn the engine shaft in any case; this can be done in two ways:
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Manual. With this method of starting, the initial impulse is transmitted to the engine manually - usually the user needs to pull hard on the cable that spins a special flywheel. The simplest in design and cheapest method of starting, from additional equipment it requires only the cable itself with a flywheel. On the other hand, it may require the user to apply significant muscular effort and is poorly suited for high-power units.
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Electric starter. With this type of start, the engine shaft is rotated by a special electric motor, which is called a starter; the starter is powered by its own battery. This option for starting the generator power unit is the easiest for the user and requires a minimum of effort. Depending on the implementation of the electric starter, it is usually enough to turn the key in the ignition switch, press a button, turn the handle or rotate a special drum, etc. The power of modern starters is sufficient even for heavy engines, where manual starting is difficult or impossible. Also note that an electric starter is required by definition to use the ATS autostart (see "Features"). On the other hand, additional equipment affects the weight and cost of the unit,
...and sometimes quite noticeably. Therefore, such starting systems are used mainly where they cannot be avoided - in the aforementioned heavy equipment, as well as generators with ATS.Fuel consumption (50% load)
Fuel consumption of a petrol or diesel generator when operating at half power, and for combined models when using petrol (see “Fuel”).
Fuel consumption usually increases with load. However, generator efficiency is not always linear - fuel consumption may vary disproportionately with different loads. In this case, the approximate amount of fuel consumed by the generator when operating at half power (50% of the rated power) is given. Knowing the fuel consumption and tank capacity, you can at least estimate how long one fill-up will last.
Total number of sockets
The total number of sockets for 230 and/or 400 V provided in the design of the generator.
This number corresponds to the number of devices that can be simultaneously connected to the generator without using splitters, extension cords, etc. If it is a three-phase model (see "Output voltage") with different types of sockets, it is worth specifying the quantity of each type separately, as different models may have varying configurations. For example, a unit specified as having
3 sockets might have 1 three-phase socket and 2 single-phase ones, or 2 three-phase and 1 single-phase socket. Generally, the most basic modern generators have only
1 socket, though models with
2 sockets are more common; and the most powerful models can have
4 or more sockets.
It is also important to remember that the ability to connect various devices is limited not only by the number of sockets but also by the generator's rated power (see above for more details).
Sockets 230 V
The number of 230 V sockets provided in the design of the generator, as well as the type of connectors used in such sockets.
The type of connector in this case is indicated by the maximum power that is allowed for the outlet - for example, “2 pieces for 16 A”. The most popular options for 230-volt outlets are
16 A,
32 A, and 63 A. We emphasize that amperes in this designation are not the actual power that the generator can produce, but the outlet’s own limitation; the actual power value is usually noticeably lower. Simply put, if, for example, the generator has a 32 A socket, the output power on it will not reach 32 A; and the specific number of amperes will depend on the rated and maximum power of the unit (see above). So, if for our example we take a rated power of 5 kW and a maximum of 6 kW, then to a 230 V outlet such a generator will be able to produce no more than 5 kW / 230 V = 22.7 A standard and 6 kW / 230 V = 27, 3 A at its peak. And if the power has to be divided between several outlets, then it will accordingly be even less.
As for specific types of connectors, the higher the power permissible for the outlet, the higher the requirements for its reliability and quality of protection. In light of this, as a rule, higher power outlets can be connected to lower power plugs (directly or through an adapter), but not vice versa. And if there are several sockets, by their type it i
...s possible to estimate with some certainty the distribution of the entire power of the generator between them: between two identical sockets such power is usually divided equally, and more power is allocated to an socket with a larger number of amperes and power. However, specific details on this matter should be clarified separately in each case; It's also worth considering 400V outlets, if available (see below).Features
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12V output. The presence of an output with direct power and voltage of 12 V in the generator. The main purpose of this output is to charge car batteries, as well as to power devices originally intended for cars (recall that 12 V is the standard voltage of on-board networks in passenger cars).
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USB charging port . The presence of a USB connector (one or more) on the generator for charging various devices. Most modern smartphones and tablets can be charged via USB, and this charging method is also found in many other devices — from cameras and flashlights to electric screwdrivers and radio-controlled models. The standard supply voltage through this connector is 5 V, but the power may be different, it should be specified separately.
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Smartphone control. Synchronization with a smartphone allows you to control the generator remotely. Thanks to this, the user does not need to approach the device to, for example, start or stop it. Additionally, synchronization with a smartphone allows you to monitor the parameters of the generated electric power remotely and in real time. On the other hand, this will require a constant connection to the Internet and specialized software that must be installed on the smartphone.
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Autostart (ATS). A function that allows the generator to turn on automatically under certain conditio
...ns, without any action from the user. Autostart is mainly used when using the generator as a backup power source: while the main power is working, the unit is turned off, and if the voltage in the network disappears, ATS starts the engine, and power to the load begins to flow from the generator. Note that the presence of autostart is indicated only if the generator is initially equipped with an ATS electronic unit; models with the ability to connect such a unit are placed in a separate category (see below).
— ATS socket. A connector that allows you to connect an external autostart unit (ATS) to the generator; the unit itself is not included in the kit. For more information on autostart, see above; here we note that some users do not initially need this function, but may need it in the future — for example, if the generator is initially used for building a house, and then it is planned to be installed in the same house as a backup power source. In such situations, this configuration option will be optimal: when buying the generator itself, you will not have to overpay for the ATS unit, and later, if necessary, you can buy and connect such a unit separately.
— Automatic voltage regulator (AVR). An automatic regulator that allows maintaining a constant voltage level at the generator output. Such a regulator smooths out the differences that occur due to changes in the engine speed; this is especially important when connecting devices that are sensitive to power supply stability. It is worth noting that the presence of an AVR is almost mandatory for synchronous generators (see "Alternator"), but in other varieties this function is not found: in asynchronous and duplex units it is not applicable in principle, and in inverter units the role of the regulator is played by the inverter itself, and they do not require additional electronics.
— Display. A dedicated display mounted on the generator body. Typically, this is a simple LCD screen capable of displaying only numbers and some special symbols. However, even such a screen can display various useful information: voltage, frequency, engine hour meter data, low fuel warning, error code failure messages, etc. This makes control more convenient and visual.
— Hour metre. A device that counts the total time that the generator engine has been running since it was first turned on. This helps determine the overall wear of the engine and the need for repair/replacement, which can be useful both during long-term use of the device and, for example, to assess the quality of the product when buying a used generator. It is usually impossible to reset the hour meter without serious intervention in the design of the device.
— Voltmeter. A device that displays the power voltage produced by the generator. The voltmeter can be made in the form of a separate pointer scale, or its readings can be displayed on the generator's own display (see above). In any case, this function allows you to carefully monitor the unit's operating mode and reduces the risk that an unacceptable voltage will be applied to the load.
— Parallel connection. The presence of special connectors in the generator design, through which two or more units can be connected to a single electrical network (usually with the help of an additional device). This type of connection is used when one unit is not able to handle the entire load and the connection power exceeds the capabilities of the device itself. Also, such a scheme has gained popularity if one of the units is planned to be used as a backup power source.
— Remote start. The remote control generator is included in the delivery set. It is made in the form of a wireless key fob and allows you to turn on/off the device remotely without approaching it.Wheels
The electric generator has
wheels for moving from place to place. Most often, the design provides for a pair of wheels and a pair of parking supports: during working hours, the supports play the role of brakes, and when moving, they need to be raised above the ground and the generator rolled on two wheels; however, there are models on 4 wheels. Anyway, this feature greatly simplifies transportation: it is much easier to roll the unit than to carry it on weight. This is especially true in light of the fact that the weight of a modern generator can exceed 100 kg: several people will be needed to carry such a weight, while wheels often make it possible to manage by one person.
Weight
The total weight of the unit - usually excluding fuel; the weight on full tank can be easily determined knowing the tank capacity.
In general, more powerful generators are inevitably heavier, but models with similar characteristics can differ significantly in weight. When assessing these differences and generally choosing an option based on weight, it is worth considering the specifics of the generator's use. So, if the device is often to be moved from place to place - for example, when used "on the road" - it may be worth paying attention to lighter units that are more convenient to transport. However, it is worth considering that the downside of a lightweight design is often an increased cost or a reduced degree of protection. But for stationary use, you can not pay special attention to this parameter - or even the opposite: choose a heavier (and, as a rule, more advanced and functional) option.
Regarding specific figures, it is worth noting that modern generators are generally quite massive. Thus, a small weight for such equipment is considered not only
< 20 kg, but even
20-30 kg ; many units weigh
150-200 kg, or even
more, and the weight of stationary industrial models is measured in tons.