Comparison GoPro HERO4 Black Edition vs GoPro HERO4 Session

— Oblong. Oblong action cameras — they look like an elongated rectangle (parallelepiped) or a cylinder, while the lens is placed on one of the narrow ends. This is the difference between the oblong cameras and the conventional ones described below. This layout is convenient primarily because it allows you to hold the camera in your hand securely. On the other hand, the control panel and display during shooting are often turned away from the user, which can create some inconvenience. However, this can be offset by the use of folding displays and other similar features; and in some situations, the side display and controls even prove to be an advantage.

— Vertical. Oblong action cameras that are stretched up and have a lens at the top. Such models are very similar to chest cameras and can be used for such purposes. However, their main use is shooting yourself and holding it in your hand. It is for this purpose that the case is made elongated, which makes it convenient to cover it with your hand.

— Conventional. The camera body has the shape of a rectangle, but the lens is placed on its wide, frontal edge. Outwardly, such models are most similar to classic digital cameras. Some may have a fairly large display, placed on the opposite side of the lens, as in the same photo cameras, which allows the user to see the shooting scene in real time. However, the l...ocation of the lens, usually, does not affect the technical specs of the camera itself, and therefore both conventional and oblong models can provide the same video quality.

— Cube. A fairly specific type of action camera, the body of which has the shape of a compact cube. Usually, such models are relatively small in size, but the size reduction, in turn, affects the video capabilities and overall functionality. For example, such models are extremely rarely equipped with displays (although many of them can be connected via Wi-Fi to a smartphone or tablet, which compensates for this disadvantage).

— Glasses with a camera. Devices in the form of sports glasses with a built-in camera. The lens of such a camera is usually located between the glasses lenses, less often on the side, based on one of the temples; during normal use, it constantly “looks” approximately in the same direction as the user himself. Also, the advantages of cameras of this type include accuracy and stealth. On the other hand, in glasses, the additional electronic filling must be very tiny, which makes it difficult to use advanced optics and severely limits the battery capacity. And even with this in mind, such devices are heavier and bulkier than ordinary sports glasses. Another disadvantage is that the camera and frame with lenses cannot be matched separately — as a result, a model with a suitable camera may not be suitable due to the size or style of the glasses, and vice versa.

— Camera mask. A protective mask with a built-in camera. Note that such masks can have different specializations — for scuba diving, motocross, skiing, etc.; these details must be clarified before purchase. However, the lens in such devices is usually located in the middle of the forehead, so the camera takes POV photos and video. The main disadvantage of such devices is that when choosing, you need to take into account both the technical specs of the camera and the purpose and convenience of wearing the mask. In other words, a good camera can be built into an inappropriate mask, and vice versa.

— Camera with a clip. Action cameras fall into this category, for which a clip-on mount is standard. Many of them can be additionally equipped with other mounts, but primarily designed for this type of use and may not be the best purchase for extreme video shooting. On the other hand, such a mount is quite versatile, since it allows you to attach the camera to almost any piece of equipment (backpack strap, unloading belt, belt, etc.).

— Sphere. The shape of the body is found mainly in panoramic and 360° cameras (see "Product type") — it is in such devices that the spherical body is often the most convenient. In the case of conventional action cameras, "sphere" usually means a cylindrical body with a lens on a flat end; such cameras are similar to conventional cameras (see above) and do not have fundamental differences from them.

The level of dust and water protection provided by the body of the camera itself. Most action cameras are designed for recording in extreme conditions, but the level of protection of each model can vary significantly — from the ability to shoot in the rain, to full tightness, allowing for a long immersion under water.

To characterize the security level of the camera, the international IP classification is used. Each device is assigned a code of the form IPXX, where instead of the first X — the level of protection against the ingress of foreign objects (including dust), and instead of the second X — the level of protection against the ingress of water.

Levels of protection against dust and foreign objects in modern action cameras are never lower than 5 — lower protection classes would provide unacceptably large gaps in the body. Specifically, level 5 provides that dust can get inside in small quantities, but does not affect the performance of the device. A higher level — 6 — provides full dustproof.

To characterize the level of protection from water, the following classification is used:

0 — no protection;
1 — drops of water falling at a right angle relative to the operating position of the device cannot cause dangerous consequences;
2 — protection against drops falling on the equipment at an angle of up to 15°;
3 — at an angle up to 60° (splash protection, minimum rain protection);
4 — protection from rai...n with strong wind;
5 — protection against water jets falling at any angle (water jets, for example, from a hose or heavy rain cannot harm the device);
6 — from temporary flooding;
7 — from temporary immersion under water to a depth of not more than 1 metre;
8 — from prolonged diving to depth (maximum time and depth are specified by the manufacturer separately).

In some cases, a model may only be IP-certified for one type of protection (only against sand or water). In this case, instead of the second parameter, simply X is put. So, for example, IPX6 security means that the camera is protected from temporary flooding and heavy rain, but the level of protection from dust is not defined and, accordingly, is not certified.

It is important to note that this parameter characterizes the protection of the camera itself, but does not take into account the capabilities of protective cases. Do not confuse it with the protection of the outer case, which sometimes comes with the device (see "Dust-, moisture-proof of case").

The degree of dust and water protection of the protective case supplied with the camera.

Protected case will save your camera from dust, water, temperature changes, shocks, etc. The specific degree of protection is indicated according to the international IP (Ingress Protection Rating) system, according to which each device is assigned a code of the form IPXX, where X is replaced by specific numbers. The first of them characterizes the protection against the penetration of foreign objects (from 0 to 6, where 0 is no protection). Usually, in boxes for action cameras, this indicator does not go below 5, because otherwise the container would have too large gaps, and its use simply would not make sense. Level 5 provides dust resistance — dust can get inside the case, but in small quantities that do not affect the device inside. Level 6 corresponds to complete imperviousness to dust.

The second digit is protection against liquid ingress (from 0 to 8, where 0 is no protection). Usually, the minimum level of protection against water is 6.

6 — protection against short-term immersion (for example, falling into a sea wave);
7 — protection against temporary immersion under water (up to 30 minutes) to a shallow depth (up to 1 metre), without continuous operation in immersed mode;
8 — protection against immersion to a depth of more than 1 metre for a time of more than 30 m, with the possibility of continuous...operation underwater. The specific level of protection of level 8 can be quite impressive — up to the possibility of diving to several tens of metres.

Note that protective cases for action cameras can be sold separately. Therefore, if the capabilities of the complete container do not suit you, there may be a more secure case on the market. On the other hand, in general, it is still more convenient to buy such an accessory immediately with a camera — so as not to waste time and effort on choosing the right protective case.

The ability of the camera to shoot QuadHD video.

This standard includes an extensive set of resolutions — from 1440 to 3456 pixels horizontally and from 1440 to 2160 pixels vertically, with almost two dozen intermediate options. It is a rather specific transitional option between the relatively inexpensive FullHD 1080p and the demanding UltraHD 4K, allowing you to shoot higher resolution video than 1080p without significantly increasing the cost of equipment. Note that pure QuadHD resolutions are rare in TVs and monitors, but modern technologies make it possible to comfortably watch videos of this format on any high-resolution screen.

Another important parameter given in this paragraph is the frame rate. The higher it is, the smoother the movement in the frame will be, and the details in dynamic scenes will be visible clearly. For example, a filming speed of 25 fps or 30 fps approximates the standard frame rate in film and television; such an image is quite viewable, but fast-moving objects in the frame will look blurry. With an increase in speed to 60 fps, this effect becomes almost imperceptible. The highest QuadHD frame rate found in modern action cameras is 120 fps; this frequency is used when shooting slow-motion video (as well as models with a frequency of 100 fps) because at a n...ormal playback speed, 60 fps is enough.

The ability of the camera to shoot Ultra HD 4K video.

This format covers several resolutions in which the horizontal frame size is approximately 4K pixels. The most popular in action cameras is 3840x2160 (twice the FullHD frame on each side), but there are other options — for example, 3840x1920, corresponding to an aspect ratio of 2:1. In general, 4K is a kind of successor to Full HD: among HD standards that surpass Full HD, UltraHD is the most popular, in particular, many advanced TVs are produced with 3840x2160 screens. On the other hand, this format is quite demanding in terms of processing power and memory, so it is relatively rare in action cameras, mainly among premium models.

Another important parameter given in this paragraph is the frame rate. The higher it is, the smoother the movement in the frame will be, and the details in dynamic scenes will be visible clearly. However, in UltraHD mode, most modern action cameras produce a very low frame rate — most often 30 fps, and in some models 24 fps or even 15 fps. This video is quite viewable, but fast movement in the frame may look blurry. There are cameras capable of shooting UltraHD at a solid speed of 60 fps — the blurring effect during such shooting is almost imperceptible. However, such a model cost is high.

Frame rate supported by the camera when shooting in slow motion.

In general, such shooting is called “high-speed” because it is carried out at an increased frame rate (more than 60 fps). As a result, when played back at normal speed (60 fps and below), the video looks slow hence the name. This kind of slow-motion can be used just for fun, as an artistic technique, and even for scientific purposes — to capture movement that is too fast for the human eye. In any case, the higher the slow-mo frame rate, the more you can slow down the video and the more advanced the camera is in this regard. On the other hand, the higher the frame rate, the more performant the graphics part should be; and this, in turn, affects the price of the device, sometimes quite noticeably.

We also note that slow-mo shooting may be available only at certain resolutions, not always at maximum. These points can be directly specified in the specs of the action camera.

The presence of a active noise reduction system in the design of the action camera.

This function is relevant only for models with the ability to record sound (see above). The noise reduction system, by the name, monitors extraneous noise in the recorded sound (for example, the rumble of the wind in the microphone array) and eliminates them — thus, the camera captures only “useful” sound with a minimum of ambient noise. Of course, even the most advanced of these systems are not perfect, and errors in operation are inevitable — the camera may miss some noise or reduce the volume of a “useful” sound. However, in most cases, noise reduction somehow positively affects the quality of the recorded audio.

The number of megapixels in the action camera sensor, in other words, the resolution of this sensor(1 megapixel is 1 million photosensitive points).

There is an opinion that the higher the resolution, the better the image quality. It is true from the point of view that manufacturers are trying to install high-resolution sensors in advanced cameras. At the same time, there are no strict dependencies here, and from the technical point of view, the number of megapixels determines only the maximum image resolution that can be captured using this sensor. The quality of this picture will depend both on several features of the sensor itself (size, type, special design solutions), and the specs of the camera. So when choosing, you should focus not so much on the resolution of the image sensor, but on the general class of the camera and reviews with examples of footage.

The maximum resolution at which the action camera can take photos. Specified in pixels horizontally and vertically.

This parameter is directly related to the resolution of the image sensor(see above): the total number of pixels in the photo, usually, corresponds to the number of pixels in the sensor. For example, a photo resolution of 4608x3456 corresponds to a sensor of 15925248 pixels, or approximately 16 megapixels. If the number of pixels in the photo is greater than the claimed resolution of the sensor, then the manufacturer uses software tricks that allow you to improve the photo resolution to a higher one than originally. This reduces the cost of devices but also affects the quality of images.

Theoretically, high-resolution images can provide good detail, but in fact, much depends on the specs of the sensor (primarily physical size) and image processing features.