Comparison TP-LINK CPE210 vs TP-LINK CPE510

Standard Wi-Fi frequency bands supported by the device.

This parameter is directly related to the Wi-Fi standards (see above) that the equipment complies with. At the same time, there are standards that cover several bands at once (such as Wi-Fi 4 and Wi-Fi 6), and not every device compatible with them supports all these bands at once; so in such cases this point should be clarified separately. In addition, the frequencies commonly used nowadays have common features, here they are:

— 2.4 GHz. Classic range: used in the earliest Wi-Fi standards, and supported by many modern versions. Therefore, quite a lot of Wi-Fi equipment still works only at 2.4 GHz(although exceptions are increasingly common). The main advantages of such equipment are simplicity, low cost, and compatibility even with frankly outdated wireless devices. On the other hand, the 2.4 GHz band is extremely busy: in addition to numerous Wi-Fi devices, it is also used by Bluetooth modules and some other types of electronics. This may degrade the quality and speed of the connection.

— 5 GHz. A band introduced to overcome the shortcomings of 2.4 GHz — in particular, to offload communication channels and separate Wi-Fi from other wireless technologies. In addition, increasing the frequency allowed to increase the communication speed. 5 GHz is used as one of the operating frequencies in the Wi-Fi 4 and Wi-Fi 6 standards (see above) and as the only one...in Wi-Fi 5. So you can find devices on the market that operate only at 5 GHz, but more widespread received equipment with multiple bands, where this frequency is only one of the supported.

— 6 GHz. An unloaded frequency introduced into use since the Wi-Fi 6E generation. The new range provides the ability to simultaneously operate numerous client devices at high speed with a minimum amount of interference and delays in signal transmission. At the moment, this is the freest, widest and fastest Wi-Fi range. However, in some regions, the 6 GHz frequency remains unavailable due to the occupancy of the band by means of military, fixed or radio relay wireless communications.

— 60 GHz. Range implemented in the WiGig standard; today it is used only in it, and as the only one. A significant increase in frequency compared to the more common 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz options has a positive effect on the quality of communication. So, with the same theoretical maximum as that of Wi-Fi 6 (10 Gbps), the WiGig standard gives a higher actual data exchange rate, as well as fewer delays and lags; this is especially important in games and some specific tasks. The downside of these advantages is a small communication range: even when using Beamforming (see "Functions and Capabilities"), it does not exceed 10 m in open space, and an obstacle like a wall can become insurmountable for a 60 GHz channel. Therefore, in Wi-Fi equipment, this frequency is found mainly among rather specific devices — access points (including directional ones), which are designed to connect individual network segments in bridge mode (see ibid.). It is this mode of use that is one of the most optimal, given the properties of this range. However, 60 GHz support is also increasingly found in consumer gadgets (smartphones, laptops), so routers are also being released for this frequency.

— Natural frequency. In rare cases, the operation of Wi-Fi equipment is possible at natural frequencies that do not fall under the standard generally accepted values. Such devices are mainly used to build point-to-point and point-to-multipoint radio bridges. Their advantages include low frequency noise from standard Wi-Fi networks, and, as a result, increased communication range. It is worth noting that it is impossible to connect directly to such devices from a laptop or smartphone. It is also necessary to take into account the legislative aspect, since in each country the use of frequencies is regulated differently.

Gain provided by each device antenna; if the design provides for antennas with different characteristics (a typical example is both external and internal antennas), then the information, usually, is indicated by the highest value.

Amplification of the signal in this case is provided by narrowing the radiation pattern — just as in flashlights with adjustable beam width, reducing this width increases the illumination range. The simplest omnidirectional antennas narrow the signal mainly in the vertical plane, "flattening" the coverage area so that it looks like a horizontal disk. In turn, directional antennas (mainly in specialized access points, see "Device type") create a narrow beam that covers a very small area, but provides a very solid gain.

Specifically, the gain describes how powerful the signal is in the main direction of the antenna compared to an perfect antenna that spreads the signal evenly in all directions. Together with the power of the transmitter (see below), this determines the total power of the equipment and, accordingly, the efficiency and range of communication. Actually, to determine the total power, it is enough to add the gain in dBi to the transmitter power in dBm; dBi and dBm in this case can be considered as the same units (decibels).

In general, such data is rarely required by the average user, but it can be useful in some specific situations that specialists have to deal with. Detailed calculation methods for suc...h situations can be found in special sources; here we emphasize that it does not always make sense to pursue a high antenna gain. First, as discussed above, this comes at the cost of narrowing the scope, which can be inconvenient; secondly, too strong a signal is also often undesirable, for more details see "Transmitter power".

The total number of antennas in the router that are responsible for communication in the 2.4 GHz band. For details about the number of antennas, see "Total antennas", about the range — "Frequency range".

The effective angle spanned by the access point's antenna in the horizontal plane.

Any antenna that is not omnidirectional radiates a signal in the form of a "beam", and unevenly: the power is highest in the middle of this beam and weakens as it moves towards the edges. The boundaries of HBPW are two opposite lines, on which the signal power is attenuated to half of the maximum. In other words, HBPW is a sector (in this case, horizontally) within which the signal from the antenna will not weaken by more than half and it will maintain acceptable performance.

Other things being equal, a more widely directional antenna will be more convenient in aiming at a target, and also more effective in difficult signal propagation conditions (for example, in dense buildings where it can come from different directions). A narrower focus, in turn, has a positive effect on the gain and, accordingly, the “range”.

The effective angle of coverage of the antenna in the vertical plane, technically — the angle within which the signal power will be at least 50% of the maximum.

For details about the meaning of this parameter, see "HPBW / hor." higher. Here we note that if the antenna is not tilted, then the middle of the covered sector (that is, the line where the signal is most powerful) runs horizontally. Therefore, if another device to be contacted is above or below the antenna, the latter will have to be tilted for maximum communication efficiency. However, absolutely accurate guidance may be required only when receiving a very weak signal on a narrowly directed antenna — in other cases, hitting the HPBW itself is quite enough.

The range of the Wi-Fi connection when the device is operating outdoors is in an open area where the signal does not need to overcome obstacles in the form of walls and other foreign objects. In other words, we are talking about the communication range within the line of sight. This parameter can be useful not only when installed outdoors, but also, for example, in a large office space. However, do not forget that the practical range may be somewhat less, because. it also depends on the capabilities of the connected devices and the level of interference.

Also note that according to these data, it is possible to estimate the range of action in the room, if for some reason this information is not indicated in the characteristics. On average, this radius is 2-4 times less than the outdoor range, and for maximum guarantee it is worth taking a factor of 4: for example, for a reliable connection at a distance of 10 m, it is desirable to have a device with a range in open areas of at least 40 m.

Ambient air temperature at which the device is guaranteed to remain operational.

All modern Wi-Fi equipment can easily endure the conditions typical for use in apartments, offices, etc. So it makes sense to pay attention to this parameter mainly when choosing a model for outdoor installation (see above) or indoors , where the conditions are not very different from those outside. At the same time, the upper temperature limit is usually quite high, and even in the heat there are usually no problems with operation (of course, if the device is not installed in direct sunlight — which is not recommended anyway). But the lower temperature threshold can be different, not all "street" equipment is designed for frost. However, among frost-resistant models there are solutions where the minimum operating temperature is -10 °C and below, and sometimes even -40 °C and below.