Comparison Focusrite Scarlett 4i4 (4th Gen) vs Elgato Wave XLR

The most advanced multi-channel audio format that a sound card is capable of outputting.

— 2. Standard stereo sound on two channels — left and right. This format allows you to provide a sense of surround sound (especially when using headphones), which is quite enough for most simple tasks. However, it noticeably loses to multi-channel sound in terms of the "immersion effect", which can be critical for demanding gamers and audiophiles.

— 5.1. The classic and most popular multi-channel surround sound format today: a centre channel, two front and two rear channels allow you to achieve a full-fledged “surround effect”, and a separate subwoofer channel provides rich bass sound.

— 7.1. The 7.1 format differs from 5.1 by the presence of two additional channels. There are several options for localizing these channels — for example, a pair of side speakers, a pair of additional speakers above the front ones, etc. Anyway, the 7.1 format provides a more reliable surround sound transmission than 5.1, but such cards are more expensive, and there is less specialized content for 7.1.

When choosing a sound card by the number of channels, it is worth considering such moments. Firstly, multi-channel options are capable of producing sound in simpler formats (for example, a 7.1 card can be used for 5.1 acoustics), and stereo sound output is support...ed by all models in general. Secondly, modern multimedia software (in particular, codecs) allows you to output multi-channel audio through a card with fewer channels — for example, play 5.1 sound through a two-channel card with stereo speakers without quality loss. Thirdly, for the full-fledged operation of multi-channel sound, you will need not only a card, but also appropriate acoustics; therefore, it makes no sense to specifically look for a multi-channel model if you plan to use exclusively stereo speakers.

Ability to work sound card with Mac computers.

Mac (Macintosh) in this case can be attributed to both the eponymous line of desktop computers manufactured by Apple and MacBook laptops. Both of them have certain hardware differences from "regular" PCs and laptops, in addition, they were originally created for Apple's own MacOS operating system. All this led to specific requirements for peripheral devices, including and sound cards — not all models are able to work normally with a Mac. Therefore, if you purchase a sound card for such a computer or laptop, you should make sure that Mac support is directly claimed for the selected model.

Note that Apple products have very limited possibilities for replacing internal peripherals by the user, and sound cards are not included in the list of replaceable components at all. Therefore, Mac-enabled models are usually referred to as external (see "Type").

The highest sampling rate provided by the digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) of the audio card. For more details on the role of the DAC, see paragraph "Bit depth" above. Here we note that the quality of its work directly depends on the sampling frequency: the higher it is, the less distortion occurs when converting sound.

Usually in sound cards there are standard values for the maximum sampling rate:

44.1 kHz — corresponds to the sound quality of Audio CD;
48 kHz — DVD;
96 kHz — DVD-Audio 5.1;
192 kHz — DVD-Audio 2.0 (two-channel audio has a higher sampling rate than multi-channel audio for a number of reasons), the highest value in modern consumer-grade sound cards.

Another specific point is that the quality of sound played on a computer cannot be higher than the capabilities of a sound card. In other words, if an audio file is recorded at a higher sampling rate than the audio card can provide, its sound quality will be reduced: for example, on a 44.1 kHz card, even DVD-Audio sound will sound like an Audio CD. Therefore, if you want to fully enjoy high-quality sound, you should choose a model with a high sampling rate.

The dynamic range of a DAC is the ratio between the loudest sound that the converter can produce and the quietest. The wider the dynamic range — the richer the sound will be, the lower the likelihood that quiet sounds that complement the overall picture will be muffled during conversion. At the same time, it is worth noting that almost all modern sound cards provide a dynamic range that is quite sufficient for comfortable everyday use, and in many models this parameter may not be indicated at all. It is worth paying attention to it when choosing an advanced specialized audio card — for example, a gaming one (see "View"). The minimum for professional models is 90 dB, but in fact, among similar solutions, this figure is usually 120 dB or more.

This parameter determines the ratio of the "clean" sound produced by the DAC at the output to all extraneous noise. As such, it is a pretty strong indicator of sound purity. According to the signal-to-noise ratio, DACs in modern sound cards can be divided as follows:

up to 90 dB — initial level;
90-100 dB — average level, advanced "home" models;
more than 100 dB — professional level.

— Headphone Amplifier. The presence of a separate headphone amplifier in the design of the sound card. Such equipment allows at least to improve the overall sound of the “ears”, as well as to implement various additional settings for such sound (for example, a separate volume control). And some headphones — primarily high-impedance Hi-Fi models — in principle cannot be used without special amplifiers.

— External control module. The presence of an external control module in the design of the sound card. Such a module is actually a control panel with a wired connection; it doesn't give you the freedom of movement that a wireless remote control does (see below), but it's cheaper and often more convenient. So, the control module does not have to be in direct line of sight with respect to the audio card, and the length of the wire is often enough to place the device at the user's hand. However the set of adjustments placed on the external unit is usually limited to the most basic settings; however, even this, usually, is quite enough for comfortable use. In addition, the control unit often provides additional connectors for connecting headphones and a microphone. Among other things, this feature is especially convenient in games — it allows you to adjust the sound without distracting from the game itself. However, other types of sound cards can also be equipped with external modules (see "View").
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— Remote control. A remote control is included with the sound card. Do not confuse this function with the external control module described above: in this case, we mean a classic wireless IR remote control, like those used in TVs. Such a device does not necessarily cover all the capabilities of the audio adapter, however, the range of functions of the remote control can be quite extensive. On the other hand, the need to control a sound card from a distance is extremely rare, and in most cases, the mentioned external module is enough for this. So models with a remote control are not widely used.

— Exit to the front panel. Ability to connect an internal sound card (see "Type") to the connectors on the front panel of the PC. To do this, a special connector (or several connectors) is provided on the board, which is connected to the corresponding connector (s) using a wire. The convenience of this feature is obvious: in desktop computers, the front panel is located closest to the user, and it is to it that it is easiest to connect peripherals that involve frequent plugging and unplugging, such as headphones and microphones. Actually, connectors for such devices are most often displayed on the front panel.

The number of inputs in the design of the sound card using 6.35 mm Jack connectors. This connector is in many ways similar to the 3.5 mm mini-Jack described above (and is compatible with it through a simple adapter), however, due to its larger size, it is poorly suited for portable electronics. On the other hand, in the 6.35 mm standard it is easier to implement a three-channel connection scheme and ensure the transmission of a balanced signal (for more details, see "XLR"), which is often required in professional audio work. Therefore, connectors of this type are quite popular in advanced stationary technology, where connection reliability and signal quality are more important than compactness. The Jack input can be used for various purposes, which is usually indicated in the specifications; however, its very presence, usually, speaks of a rather high class sound card.

Note that on balanced XLR models (see below), a 6.35mm input can be built right into the XLR jack; in such cases, these interfaces cannot be used simultaneously.

The number of balanced XLR inputs provided by the sound card.

Such an input is a rather large three-pin round connector, with an additional latch in the form of a latch. As for the balanced connection, this is a special way of signal transmission: it uses three wires per channel (instead of the traditional two), while the interference that occurs in the two signal wires due to external interference is mutually canceled during signal processing in the receiver. This allows you to use even fairly long cables without fear of deteriorating sound quality. On the other hand, in everyday use, such tricks are not required, and the bulkiness of the connector itself makes it difficult to use it in compact devices. Therefore, balanced XLR is considered a professional interface, and specifically in sound cards, such inputs are rare — in separate high-end audio interfaces and audiophile models (see "View"). At the same time, an XLR jack can be combined with a 6.35 mm Jack, technically it is not difficult.

Separately, we note that the number of inputs in this case means the number of individual XLR connectors; while one connector allows you to work with only one channel of sound. So the minimum number of inputs of this type in modern sound cards is two, to work with the stereo format.

The number of MIDI inputs in the sound card design.

MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. It is used, in accordance with the name, to connect musical devices to a computer - both full-fledged keyboard synthesizers and various MIDI controllers, most often in the form of piano keyboards. This connection allows you to directly transfer the part played by the musician in digital form to the computer; however, in this case, it is not sound that is transmitted, but service information: which key was pressed, how hard, how quickly, for how long, etc. This information serves as a kind of musical notation, which can be played using special means on various virtual “musical instruments” . The signal from the MIDI input can not only be immediately played back using a computer, but also recorded for later editing. This can be very useful for musicians and composers: after all, such a recording allows you not only to edit notes, but also to compare the sound of the same part on different instruments.