Number of nozzles
The number of working nozzles that are standardly supplied with the device. Nowadays, options are quite common with both
one and
two or three nozzles in the kit; and in the most extensive sets, this number can be
four or five or even
more.
In many sets, several nozzles may have different purposes. For instance, an irrigator, in addition to its standard nozzle, might include orthodontic and periodontal nozzles. However, it's important to note that models with the same number of accessories in the kit can have different specific specializations. So, when making a choice, it's wise to consider not just the quantity but also the types of nozzles available. Additionally, there's an option where several identical interchangeable heads come with one handle. This configuration is particularly common in toothbrushes. It enables multiple individuals, such as family members, to use a single device, and such a set is usually more cost-effective than purchasing individual toothbrushes for each person.
Nozzles
Types of nozzles supplied as standard with the device.
The availability of nozzle types largely depends on the device's intended purpose (as discussed in the "Type" section). Toothbrushes typically offer standard
round and
oval-shaped nozzles, as well as options for sensitive teeth (also available in both
round and
oval shapes), and
combined devices that may have multiple functions. In contrast, irrigators can come with various nozzles, including
conventional ones, those designed
for cleaning gum pockets (periodontal), and even nozzles for
nasal irrigation. Devices intended for use with
braces,
implants and
tongue cleaning are primarily found in irrigators, although they may also be compatible with some toothbrushes.
Here is a more detailed description of each of these options:
— Oval standard. Oval-shaped toothbrush heads are designed for standard cleaning intensity and are not specifically intended for sensitive teeth. The performance of these nozzles depends on the cleaning technology they employ (as explained below). For instance, models using reciprocating sweeping patt
...erns offer more intensive treatment compared to similar round heads with reciprocating technology. However, this type of cleaning is less gentle and requires precision even for individuals with healthy teeth and gums. In the case of sonic and ultrasonic brushes, there is no significant difference, and oval-shaped heads are widely used because they cover a larger surface area, allowing for quicker toothbrushing. Occasionally, you may come across oval nozzles with a reciprocating-rotating mechanism, which, in terms of shape and application, are closer to round heads.
— Round standard. Round toothbrush heads are designed for standard cleaning and are not specifically intended for sensitive teeth. They are primarily used in models featuring reciprocating cleaning technology (as explained below). In comparison to their closest alternative, oval-shaped reciprocating-sweeping heads (as described earlier), round nozzles offer a gentler cleaning action and better access to hard-to-reach areas. They may not perform as well in cleaning open spaces, but this is typically not a critical issue. However, in "sonic" brushes, round heads are quite rare. In such cases, round heads do not offer significant advantages over oval ones, and their coverage area is noticeably smaller, which can reduce their overall effectiveness.
— Oval for sensitive teeth. A variation of the oval heads described above, optimized for the cleaning of sensitive teeth and gums (including inflammation in the oral cavity). Such devices are distinguished primarily by softer bristles than in standard nozzles; in addition, other design features may be provided to ensure the most delicate and gentle impact.
— Round for sensitive teeth. Round heads specially designed for sensitive teeth and gums. For round nozzles in general, see above; and the main difference of this variety is a softer bristle, which allows you to achieve the necessary accuracy and care during processing. In addition, the design may provide other solutions that eliminate discomfort when used with sensitive teeth or inflamed gums.
— Combined. A head that combines round and elongated (like an oval) sections. Allows you to combine the advantages of both options to some extent. Note that such heads are rarely used as regular ones, in most cases they are produced as interchangeable accessories.
— Standard for an irrigator. Classic irrigator heads designed mainly for cleaning healthy teeth and gums. The working part of such a head has the form of a nozzle of small diameter, and almost all modern irrigators and flossing systems are equipped with similar devices (see "Type"). Often, several standard heads are supplied in the kit at once — this allows several users to use one device at once without worrying about hygiene.
– Orthodontic (for braces). Specialized heads for removing plaque and dirt in hard-to-reach places under braces and other orthodontic structures. For this purpose, you can use a standard head, however, such devices more effectively cope with such tasks. Most often they come with irrigators and flossing systems, but they are also found in toothbrushes.
– Periodontal (cleaning pockets). Gum pocket cleaning heads are designed for cleaning the areas where the gums make contact with the teeth, known as "gingival pockets." These devices feature thin heads made from soft materials to provide gentle and precise cleaning. They are particularly effective for individuals with inflamed gums and certain other oral conditions, but they can also be beneficial for users with entirely healthy gums.
— For implants. Heads designed for cleaning implants, crowns, bridges, and similar dental structures serve a similar purpose as braces heads, focusing on effectively cleaning hard-to-reach areas. These heads may be included with toothbrushes, although they are more commonly found in the accessory sets of irrigators.
— Tongue cleaning. Special heads designed for cleaning the tongue and inner surface of the cheeks help maintain overall oral hygiene and combat bad breath by removing foreign plaque. In irrigators, these nozzles typically feature a spatula-like shape that scrapes away plaque, which is then washed away by a stream of water. Toothbrushes designed for tongue cleaning use a head with a specialized surface that replaces traditional bristles with low-height solid protrusions, typically less than a millimeter in height. These protrusions effectively clean the tongue, primarily focusing on this area.
— Nasal cleaning. An irrigator equipped with a head for nose washing serves multiple purposes, including the treatment of conditions like a runny nose or sinusitis, as well as general nasal hygiene and prevention. The head for this purpose includes a unique "plug" that securely seals one nostril to prevent liquid from flowing back. The nose washing procedure is typically performed with the head in a sideways position. Water or saline solution is gently introduced into one nostril, which is positioned higher, and flows out through the other nostril. The head is then turned to the opposite side, and the process is repeated. It's important to note that while this procedure is generally safe, there are specific contraindications, so consulting with an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) doctor before using an irrigator in this capacity is advisable.
Apart from the mentioned nozzles, modern toothbrushes and irrigators may come with various other types of attachments. Toothbrushes might include attachments for tartar removal, flossing heads with ultra-thin bristles that mimic dental floss, or specialized gum massage heads. Irrigators may offer specialized nozzles for intensive or gentle treatment, multi-jet nozzles and more.Power / intensity modes
The number of power modes provided in the device. For flossing systems (see "Type"), this paragraph takes into account the characteristics of the irrigator; data on the toothbrush (if they differ) are indicated in the note.
It's important to distinguish between the number of power settings and the number of operating modes, as these are distinct parameters. Refer to the "Operating modes" section for details on the various modes. In this context, we emphasize that
power adjustment, if available, may not be accessible in all modes. For example, in an irrigator offering two modes of operation—continuous jet and pulsation—power adjustment might only be available in the continuous jet mode.
Having multiple power settings enhances the versatility of the device. Even if a device technically offers only one operating mode, the ability to adjust the intensity of the treatment allows users to tailor the device for various tasks. For instance, in many toothbrushes, the traditional 2D brushing mode at its lowest power setting effectively serves as a gentle treatment option. However, it's worth noting that the capability to adjust power levels can somewhat increase the device's cost.
Frequency of movements / pulsations
The frequency of sound vibrations provided by a toothbrush with a sonic operating principle. This parameter also means the maximum pulsation frequency for toothbrushes with support for pulsating cleaning technology (see above) and for irrigators with a pulsed operating mode. For dental centers (see "Type"), data on the irrigator is usually specified here, and the pulsation frequency of the toothbrush (if this parameter is relevant for it) is indicated in a separate note
High frequency of movements and
pulsations(from 40 thousand/min and higher) has a positive effect on the efficiency and quality of treatment, allowing you to quickly deal with dense plaque and even tartar. On the other hand, too intensive treatment can also be undesirable - for example, with high tooth sensitivity. All this is also relevant for irrigators - except that the operating frequencies in them are noticeably lower, such devices very rarely produce more than 2 thousand pulsations per minute. So when choosing, do not chase the maximum indicators of the frequency of movements and pulsations, but first of all it is important to take into account the individual characteristics of the user - for a full guarantee, it would not hurt to consult a dentist about this.
Auto frequency control
The presence
of an automatic frequency control in a toothbrush (sold separately or included in the delivery of the dental centre — see "Type").
This feature is exclusively present in sonic and ultrasonic toothbrush models, as mentioned in the "Cleaning Technology" section. The fundamental idea behind it is that the toothbrush automatically adjusts its oscillation frequency based on the selected mode. However, the specific implementation can vary. Some models operate only at predetermined frequency settings, while others offer manual adjustment of this parameter. There are also different control methods, such as the use of "smart" nozzles that trigger the corresponding mode automatically when attached. Regardless of the approach, automatic frequency control simplifies the user's experience by eliminating the need for unnecessary adjustments.
Pressure sensor
The presence of
a pressure sensor in the device — a sensor that monitors the force with which the working nozzle is pressed against the teeth/gums.
This feature is primarily found in toothbrushes, including those that are part of flossing system units (as discussed in the "Type" section), but it can also be included in irrigators. Its primary function is to prevent potential harm to the teeth and gums caused by excessive pressure during brushing. The sensor's response can vary from one device to another; some devices emit a warning signal, while others reduce the bristle movement speed, and some may even shut off entirely in response to excessive pressure.
Having a pressure sensor in such devices can be beneficial not only for individuals with healthy teeth but also for those with heightened sensitivity or gum issues. It's a highly desirable feature for maintaining oral health. However, it's important to note that in many models, the pressure sensor is not integrated into the main body of the device but is instead part of the replaceable nozzle. Additionally, not all complete nozzle options may have this function, so it's essential to verify these details separately when choosing a device.
Smartphone synchronization
The ability
to synchronize the device with a smartphone, tablet or other similar gadget. It is found mainly in toothbrushes, but can also be used in other types of devices (see "Type").
Synchronization with an external gadget, typically via Bluetooth, requires the installation of a dedicated application. The functionality of this app determines the available features when using the toothbrush with a smartphone or tablet. However, these functions extend well beyond what the toothbrush can do on its own, thanks to the smartphone or tablet's screen capabilities. Common features include displaying a timer countdown and the ability to customize the timer settings if the default values don't meet the user's preferences. The application also typically provides other relevant information, such as the selected brushing program and battery charge status. Some toothbrushes with this feature can even assess the overall effectiveness of each brushing session, process this data within the app (like tracking trends over time), and sometimes transmit this information over the internet, allowing for remote consultations with a dentist.
While in the past, the primary drawback of models offering smartphone synchronization was their high price, nowadays, even low-cost-friendly toothbrushes come with this feature. Additionally, some models go the extra mile by including dedicated smartphone holders for added convenience.
Display
The presence of its own
display in the design of the device.
These displays are typically small due to the compact size of the toothbrush or irrigator body. They usually offer basic functionality, capable of displaying one color and a limited set of characters. However, even with such constraints, they can convey various operational information, such as the selected mode, timer countdown, battery status, error messages, and more. As a result, these displays enhance overall convenience and visibility when using the device.
On the other hand, it's important to acknowledge that there's a growing number of models without displays, especially in the mid to high-end range. This shift is primarily driven by the widespread adoption of smartphone synchronization (as mentioned earlier), which offers several advantages over built-in screens. Firstly, the Bluetooth module required for synchronization is smaller and more cost-effective than a dedicated display. Secondly, smartphone screens and other control gadgets tend to be larger, more versatile, and easier to read compared to the small screens on toothbrush or irrigator handles. Additionally, the display on the device's handle is not visible during use, whereas a smartphone can be positioned in front of your eyes. As a result, it's worthwhile to seek out a model with this function if the ability to access data from a display is a crucial factor for you, regardless of whether you
...have a smartphone or another additional device at hand.Wall mounting
Possibility
of mounting the device on the wall.
The design of the mount for these devices depends on the device type (as mentioned earlier) and how it's typically used. In the case of most toothbrushes, which are typically self-powered, they come with a wall-mounted stand that also functions as a charger. Some irrigators and dental centers follow a similar setup, but many of these devices are designed for stationary use and have a larger main unit to which a handle with a nozzle attaches. In such models, the wall mount is designed to accommodate the entire main unit.
Wall installation offers a significant advantage by saving shelf space, which is particularly beneficial in tight spaces. However, this installation method entails additional preparatory work, which can be somewhat challenging. Furthermore, not all wall mounts facilitate easy removal and installation of the device, making it less suitable for situations where you frequently need to take the toothbrush or irrigator with you on trips.