Number of channels
The number of input and output channels that the audio interface is equipped with. See below for more details on each type.
— Input channels. Input (in) channels on audio interfaces designate the number of different audio signals a device can accept for recording overnight. Their number plays a decisive role in multi-channel sound recording, connecting several instruments or vocals at the same time. When choosing an audio interface, consider not only the number of input channels, but also the types of connectors (see “Inputs”).
— Output channels. Output channels output (out) is the number of audio signals that can be sent to other devices or equipment for playback. The outputs of the audio interface can be used to connect to amplifiers, monitors, speaker systems, headphones, etc. A large number of output channels will come in handy when creating sound mixes, multi-channel recording or multitasking in a studio environment. For simpler tasks, it is enough to have from 2 to 4 output channels. When choosing an audio interface, consider not only the number of output channels, but also the types of connectors (see “Outputs”).
Main
Through the Main outputs it is supposed to transmit signals from the audio interface to external devices for playing and recording sound. In everyday use, there are models with one type of Main connector, as well as with several varieties (for example, Jack (6.35 mm), XLR, RCA, or Jack (6.35 mm) / RCA, or Jack (6.35 mm) / XLR).
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Jack (6.35 mm). Output for transmitting analog audio signal. Structurally similar to the popular mini-Jack, but differs from it in its larger dimensions. As a result, Jack type plugs (6.35 mm) are used primarily in high-end stationary audio equipment. Outputs of this type usually operate on a “one channel per connector” principle (i.e., to transmit stereo sound you will need to use two Jack sockets). Also, this interface often provides a balanced connection - a connection in a special format that allows the use of long wires without compromising the signal quality (due to the suppression of interference in the wire itself). However, the Jack connection (6.35 mm) may also be unbalanced.
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XLR. Another type of output for transmitting an analog signal using a balanced connection. It allows the use of long cable lengths without compromising the quality of data exchange - external interference is absorbed directly in the cable. Often the connector is combined with a Jack interface (6.5 mm). The XLR is equipped with a locking lock and three contacts. A single three-pin an
...alog cable can only carry one channel of audio, so a standard XLR output typically consists of two jacks, stereo left and right.
- RCA. Jacks for coaxial cables with characteristic plugs, popularly known as “tulips”. One cable in analog format can transmit one channel of audio. The standard output of this type consists of two connectors - for the left and right stereo channels. On the other hand, RCA does not provide the possibility of a balanced connection, which is why it is inferior to other options in noise immunity, has noticeable limitations on cable length and is poorly suitable for professional use. Nevertheless, “tulips” have become very widespread in entry-level and mid-level stationary audio equipment.RCA (pair)
The number of
pairs of RCA output connectors(see above) in the audio interface design. By “pair” in this context we mean two RCA connectors, usually intended for stereo audio - left (Left) and right (Right) channels.
To monitors
Output connectors for connecting monitor speakers or headphones. Connecting monitors to the output of an audio interface allows musicians, sound designers, or sound engineers to monitor audio quality in real time. In audio interfaces,
monitor outputs can be made in various formats, but most often there are various combinations of RCA, XLR and Jack connectors (6.35 mm), less often - the classic mini-Jack (3.5 mm).
PAD attenuator
The main function of the PAD (Passive Attenuation Device) attenuator is to reduce the excess level of the input signal. When it is too high, there is a risk of overloading or even damaging your audio equipment.
The PAD can be useful when connecting guitars with active pickups or, for example, when using microphones with high audio output levels.
