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Comparison Ritmix RDM-160 vs Trust Madell Desktop

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Ritmix RDM-160
Trust Madell Desktop
Ritmix RDM-160Trust Madell Desktop
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Microphonecomputercomputer
Operating principlecondenserelectret
Specs
Microphone directivity
unidirectional
 
 
omnidirectional
Directional pattern
cardioid
 
Rated resistance150 Ohm2200 Ohm
Frequency range20 – 20000 Hz50 – 16000 Hz
Sensitivity-34 dB
Sound pressure132 dB
Signal to noise ratio78 dB
Functions and connectors
Features
 
mute button
Connection
mini-Jack 3.5mm TRS
USB /adapter/
mini-Jack 3.5mm TRRS
 
General
Cable length2.5 m2.5 m
Power sourcephantom
Materialplastic
Size150x45x45 mm210x70x60 mm
Weight217 g
In box
anti-shock suspension ("spider")
 
windscreen
tripod
 
pop filter
 
tripod
Color
Added to E-Catalogmay 2019february 2017

Operating principle

— Dynamic. "Conventional", or coil, dynamic microphones use a system of diaphragm (membrane) and coil, which is placed in a magnetic field. From sound vibrations, the membrane, and with it the coil, set in motion, and an electrical signal is generated in the coil. Such models are relatively inexpensive, durable and reliable, besides, they cope well even with very loud and harsh sounds; they are also smaller and lighter than another type of dynamic microphone, the ribbon microphone (see below). Their main disadvantage is poor efficiency at high frequencies.

Dynamic (tape). A variation of the dynamic microphones described above, in which the membrane is connected not to a coil, but to a thin (a few microns) metal tape, hence the name. Historically, this is the first type of microphone with a dynamic principle of operation, however, due to a number of shortcomings, it gradually lost its wide popularity, giving way to coil options. Such shortcomings are, first of all, large dimensions and large mass, complexity and high cost in production, as well as a very low output impedance, which complicates the work with amplifiers. At the same time, tape models have extremely high sound fidelity over the entire frequency range, which allows them to be used in recording studios, at high-class concerts, etc. Most modern models of this type are professional models, in particular, studio models (see "Purpose")....r>
— Condenser. The name of this type is due to the fact that the microphone is actually a capacitor, in which the sensitive membrane (usually made of a metallized polymer) plays the role of one of the plates. Due to the vibration of the membrane (under the action of sound vibrations), the distance between the plates changes and, accordingly, the capacitance of the capacitor — these capacitance fluctuations provide an electrical signal. Condenser microphones have a uniform sound transmission over the entire frequency range, with a minimum of distortion, due to which this technology has found wide application in professional audio equipment. Note that for the operation of such a device, additional power is required — the so-called "phantom" (standard voltage — 48 V). However, this cannot be called an unequivocal disadvantage, because. amplifiers, receivers and other high-end appliances are often made with this requirement in mind. But of the obvious shortcomings can be called a high price, sensitivity to shock and strict requirements for temperature and humidity; the latter makes condenser microphones less suitable for outdoor use.

Condenser (tube). A specific variation of the condenser microphones described above. They use the same sound extraction principle (with all the advantages and disadvantages), however, the amplifying element in such models, in accordance with the name, is built on vacuum tubes. Technically, such an amplifier introduces more distortion into the signal than a transistor one, but these distortions give the sound a characteristic colour that is pleasant to many listeners. Simply put, the same notorious “warm tube sound” is obtained; At the same time, achieving such an effect using a microphone is cheaper than using a tube amplifier, and for a number of technical reasons, this option often turns out to be optimal. Almost all tube microphones have a studio purpose (see above). Their main drawback is the high price (several times more than that of "ordinary" capacitor counterparts). In addition, such models have their own nutritional characteristics; to supply energy, a special adapter is usually supplied in the kit, which is also responsible for controlling additional functions such as changing the beam pattern.

— Electret. By design, such microphones are similar to the condenser microphones described above, however, their design includes a plate of the so-called electret — substances with special electrical properties. This provides a number of advantages: electret microphones can be used outdoors without much difficulty, they can be made more compact, and such models are cheaper to manufacture; at the same time, the sound transmission quality can be quite comparable with condenser ones. As a result, this technology is found in a wide variety of models — from miniature lapel and simple computer to studio (see "Purpose"). Also note that electret microphones also require external power, but not always phantom 48 V — for some varieties, a small amount of power is enough, which can be provided by a compact battery or powered by a 3.5 mm mini-Jack cable.

Microphone directivity

Directionality describes the ability of a microphone to pick up sounds coming from different directions, more precisely, the dependence of sensitivity on the direction from which the sound comes.

Unidirectional. As the name implies, these microphones are capable of picking up sound coming from only one side. Note that the coverage area itself can be quite wide, but anyway it is located “in front” of the microphone. Unidirectional models are very convenient for the perception of sound from a single source, with maximum clipping of ambient noise.

Bidirectional. This term in our case means two types of microphones. The first option is the classic bidirectional models, designed for the possibility of normal perception of sound from two opposite sides — roughly speaking, "front" and "rear"; at the same time, dead zones are formed on the sides, from where the sound is practically not perceived. This format of work can be useful, for example, for broadcasting a dialogue in a radio station studio, or when simultaneously recording two voices on one microphone. The second variety is microphones with a pair of capsules directed at an angle to each other (most often perpendicular); a similar design is used in models with a stereo recording function.

Omnidirectional. Also, this variety is called "non-directional", which also to a certain extent ch...aracterizes its features. Such microphones do not have a clearly defined directionality — they perceive the sound coming from any direction with full sensitivity. An example of a situation where this format might be useful is a recording of a roundtable discussion.

Note that while most microphones only work in one directional pattern, some models support multiple directional patterns, with the ability to switch between them as desired by the user (see Features/Characteristics). The methods of such switching can be different: in some models it is enough to move the switch, in others you need to change the capsule.

Directional pattern

The polar pattern of a unidirectional microphone (see above). There are models with DN switching.

By itself, such a diagram is a graph of sensitivity versus direction, built in the so-called polar coordinate system. For unidirectional models, there are three main options for the shape of the line on such a chart:

Cardioid. A chart shaped like an inverted heart symbol (hence the name). Microphones with these characteristics cover a fairly large area in front, which makes it difficult to filter out extraneous sound sources that are close to the main source. At the same time, they are completely insensitive to sound coming from the rear.

Supercardioid. These mics have a narrower front coverage than "classic" cardioid mics, making it easier to pick up directional sound. The downside of this is some (albeit rather low) sensitivity to sound coming directly from behind.

Hypercardioid. The hypercardioid pattern further narrows the microphone's sensitivity zone in the front (compared to the supercardioid pattern), but widens this zone in the back.

Rated resistance

Microphone AC impedance; this parameter is also called "impedance". This is one of the most important characteristics that determines compatibility with the amplifier or other device to which the microphone is connected: if the impedance is not optimal, there may be a loss in signal power. It has its own characteristics, depending on the purpose of a particular model (see above). So, for microphones used with computers, laptops, voice recorders and phones / tablets, the impedance may not be indicated at all — the characteristics of such models are selected in such a way as to ensure normal compatibility with the corresponding devices. But in professional audio equipment, special rules are used for selection; more details can be found in special sources.

Frequency range

The range of audio frequencies normally perceived and processed by a microphone.

The wider this range — the fuller the signal, the less likely that too high or low frequencies will be missed due to the imperfection of the microphone. However, in this case, it is worth considering some nuances. First of all: a wide frequency range in itself does not guarantee high sound quality — a lot also depends on the type of microphone (see above) and its frequency response, not to mention the quality of other components of the audio system. In addition, a large width is also not always really necessary. For example, for normal transmission of human speech, a range of 500 Hz — 2 kHz is considered sufficient, which is much narrower than the general range perceived by the human ear. This general range, in turn, averages from 16 Hz to 22 kHz, and also narrows with age. Do not forget about the features of the equipment to which the microphone is connected: it is hardly worth specifically looking for a model with an extensive range, if, for example, the amplifier to which it is planned to be connected severely “cuts off” the frequencies from above and/or below.

Sensitivity

Sensitivity describes the signal strength at the output of a microphone when it processes a sound of a certain volume. In this case, sensitivity means the ratio of the output voltage to the sound pressure on the membrane, expressed in decibels. The higher this number, the higher the sensitivity. Note that, as a rule, values in decibels are negative, so we can say this: the closer the number is to zero, the more sensitive the microphone. For example, a -38 dB model outperforms a -54 dB model in this parameter.

It should be borne in mind that high sensitivity in itself does not mean high sound quality - it only allows the device to “hear” a weaker sound. Conversely, low sensitivity is not an unequivocal sign of a bad microphone. The choice for this parameter depends on the specifics of the application: a sensitive device is useful for working with low sounds and in cases where it is necessary to capture the smallest nuances of what is happening, and a “weak” microphone will be convenient at high sound volume or, if necessary, filter out extraneous weak noises. There are models with sensitivity adjustment(and for models with a headphone output , headphone volume control may be provided).

Sound pressure

The maximum sound pressure perceived by the microphone, at which the harmonic oscillation coefficient does not exceed 0.5% — in other words, the highest sound volume at which no noticeable interference occurs.

The higher this indicator, the better the microphone is suitable for working with loud sound. Here it is worth considering that the decibel is a non-linear quantity; in other words, an increase in volume from 10 dB to 20 dB or from 20 to 40 dB does not mean a 2-fold increase in volume. Therefore, when assessing, it is most convenient to refer to comparative tables of noise levels. Here are some examples: a level of 100 dB roughly corresponds to a motorcycle engine or subway car noise; 110 dB — helicopter; 120 dB — the work of a demolition hammer; 130 dB, comparable to the sound of a jet aircraft taking off, is considered a pain threshold for a person. At the same time, many high-end microphones are able to work normally at a sound pressure of 140 – 150 dB — and this is a noise level that can cause physical damage to a person.

Signal to noise ratio

A parameter that describes the relationship between the useful signal level and the noise level produced by the microphone. Note that the actual signal-to-noise ratio varies depending on the sound pressure perceived by the microphone. Therefore, in the characteristics it is customary to indicate the option for a standard situation — at a sound pressure of 94 dB. This allows you to compare different models with each other.

In general, this indicator quite clearly characterizes the quality of work of a particular model, since it takes into account almost all significant extraneous noise that occurs during operation. The greater this ratio, the clearer the sound is, the less distortion it has. Values of 64 – 66 dB are considered quite decent, and high-end microphones provide performance of 72 dB and higher.

Features

Wireless connection. This feature is indicated for the so-called radio microphones — models in which the signal is transmitted wirelessly. Note that a radio microphone kit usually involves a receiver that is connected to an amplifier (or other sound processing device) in a classic wired way (see "Connection connectors"). However, the microphone itself is connected to the receiver via a radio channel.

Stereo recording. The ability to use a microphone to record sound in stereo format. This format assumes the presence of two channels, and for each of them the sound must be recorded separately; but the technical support of such a recording in different cases may vary. The most popular option is bi-directional microphones. However, in addition to this, this category includes paired sets for which the stereo recording function is directly claimed.

LPF (Roll-off). The presence of a low-pass filter in the design of the microphone (Roll-off is an alternative name for this function). This feature allows you to reduce the level of low frequencies in the signal produced by the microphone. This need may be due to two factors. Firstly, many extraneous noises are the sound of the wind, knocks on the device case, the surrounding background, etc. — are presented at low frequencies; by suppressing this range, you can significantly reduce the level of extraneous so...unds “heard” through the microphone. Secondly, the LPF is useful for working with the so-called "proximity effect". This effect consists in the fact that when approaching the sound source, many models tend to increase the volume of the bass sound, and when removed, on the contrary, they fail the “bass”. By turning on Roll-off when approaching the sound source and turning it off when moving away, this effect can be smoothed out to a certain extent. For a number of technical reasons, this function is mainly used in condenser and electret microphones (see "Type"). Note that in advanced models, the low-pass filter can be made customizable and supplemented with an auxiliary ultra-low pass filter.

Attenuator. The presence of an attenuator in the design of the microphone — a device that gradually attenuates the signal level at the output (a kind of opposite to an amplifier). This feature is useful when working with loud sound: by lowering the signal level, you can avoid overloading the system.

Sensitivity adjustment. The presence of its own sensitivity control in the design of the microphone. This function allows you to adjust the signal level without using the controls in other components of the audio system — for example, to change the volume on the fly; this is quite convenient, since the microphone is usually at hand, and settings can be changed very quickly and without much hassle.

Headphone volume adjustment. A separate knob for adjusting the volume of connected headphones (see "Headphone output"). Depending on the model, it can be placed both on the microphone itself and on the receiver for wireless connection. Anyway, this feature makes adjusting the volume more convenient: the control is at hand and the user does not need to reach for other devices or delve into the software settings.

Mute the microphone. The presence of its own switch in the design of the microphone. In some use cases, it is not uncommon for situations where the microphone has to be constantly turned on and off. For example, during a concert, the number of performers may change, and it is better to turn off unused microphones; when communicating via Skype through a computer, sometimes you have to be distracted by conversations with others that the “computer” interlocutor does not need to hear, etc. Usually, muting the microphone is possible through the settings or control panel of the device to which it is connected; however, using your own switch is usually easier and faster, especially if you have to mute / unmute the sound frequently.

Switching DN. DN in this case means “directional pattern”, however, this function may mean switching not only between options for a unidirectional microphone (see “Directional Pattern”), but also between one-, two- and omnidirectional operation format (see “Directionality”). microphone"). Therefore, specific switching features and available options should be clarified for each model separately.
Ritmix RDM-160 often compared
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