Type of engine for which the oil is designed. If compatibility with your type of engine is not directly indicated in the oil specifications, you should not use this brand. The fact is that all types of modern engines have their own characteristics, and a lubricant not designed for these features can increase wear, reduce power, or even lead to breakdown. Modern oils can be produced for the following options:
—
Petrol. A four-stroke internal combustion engine (ICE) running on gasoline is implied. The main type of motor for modern passenger cars, it is also quite common in medium and high power motorcycles.
—
Diesel. ICE on diesel fuel.
—
Gas-gasoline. Petrol engine (see above), supplemented by gas-balloon equipment and capable of using natural gas as fuel. One of the main features of working on gas is the high operating temperature.
—
Hybrid. Most often, hybrid cars combine a gasoline or diesel engine with an electric motor and can be powered by either one or the other. Both the design of the "hybrids" themselves and their engines can have significant differences from classic cars.
—
2-stroke. Two-stroke internal combustion engines are widely used in motorcycles — in particular, almost all scooters, many entry-level and mid-level motorcycles, as well as tools l
...ike chainsaws, are equipped with such engines. Their main feature is the use of a fuel-oil mixture instead of a separate filling of gasoline and oil.
There are brands of oil that are compatible with several types of engines at once.International standards that are claimed to be met in the specifications of this brand of oil. In modern oil brands, the following options may be found:
— API — standard developed in the USA by the American Petroleum Institute. It provides for two separate classifications — for gasoline (
API SG,
SH,
SJ,
SL,
SM,
SN,
SN RC,
SN Plus,
SN Plus RC,
SP,
SP RC,
SP Plus),
SQ and for diesel engines (
API CI-4,
CH-4,
CG-4,
CF,
CE,
CD); in the first case, the standard designation starts with the letter S (for example, API SL), in the second with C (for example, API CI-4). If the oil is suitable for both types of engines, a dual designation is used — for example, API SL/CI-4; in this case, the index of the type for which the oil is best suited is placed first (in our example it's gasoline). The standard also includes a classification for two-str
...oke engines — TA, TB, TC, TC+, TD.
— ACEA — standard used by the European Automobile Manufacturers Association, alternative to the American API. It includes three classes:
A/B — all oils developed before 2004 for different engine types. In fact, before 2004, there were two classes here — A for gasoline engines and B for diesel; then they were combined (A1/B1, A3/B3, A3/B4 and A5/B5). However, separate designations may still be used.
C — oils for all types of engines that comply with the Euro-4 environmental standard and are compatible with additional equipment such as catalysts and particulate filters. They include APEA C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5.
E — a separate class for diesel engines of heavy machinery, including special equipment. They are marked with APEA E4, E6, E7 and E9.
— JASO — developed by the Japanese Automobile Standards Association. It is one of the main modern standards for oils for gasoline motorcycle engines and within this purpose has two classes — F for two-stroke engines, namely FA, FB, FC, FD and M for four-stroke (subclass MA for wet clutch MA-1 and MA-2, MB for dry clutch). Also the new approval GLV-1 for ultra-efficient gasoline engines and hybrid power units.
— ILSAC — standard created jointly by the American and Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Associations. It is used for oils designed for passenger cars with gasoline engines. There are five categories of ILSAC (GF-2, GF-3, GF-4, GF-5, GF-6A, GF-6B, GF-7A, GF-7B), they are generally similar to certain API categories (see above), but differ in increased energy-saving requirements and emission limitations.
A list of specific oil standards recommended by the manufacturer for a particular engine is usually indicated in the official specifications of the vehicle. Note that many standards are interchangeable; information on compatibility (as well as a description of each individual category) can be found in specialized sources.An engine oil quality standard that the car manufacturer Opel and GM consider essential for correct operation when used in the engine of their vehicles. Different engines (respectively, car brands) have their own standard, among which are
6094M,
4718M,
Dexos 1,
Dexos 1 Gen 2,
Dexos 2,
Dexos D,
GM-LL-A-025,
GM-LL-B-025 and
OV0401547.
