Comparison Yamaha RX-V481 vs Yamaha RX-V381

the maximum sound power that can be delivered by the power amplifier (if the receiver has one, see "Type") per speaker channel. It is worth noting here that in this case it is customary to indicate the so-called RMS (Rated Maximum Sinusoidal), or rated power. Rated is considered the highest power that the amplifier is guaranteed to be able to produce without interruption for an hour without any failures or breakdowns. Short-term jumps in the signal level can significantly exceed this value, but the main indicator is still the rated power.

The power of the amplifier largely determines the sound volume of the speaker system connected to the device. In fact, the loudness also depends on the characteristics of the speakers — sensitivity, impedance, etc.; however, other things being equal, the same acoustics on a more powerful amplifier will sound louder. In addition, this parameter also affects the compatibility of the speakers and the amplifier — it is believed that the difference in the nominal powers of these components should not exceed 10-15% (and ideally, the powers should generally match). And since different rooms require speakers of different power, this also affects the choice of amplifier for a particular environment; specific recommendations on the ratio of room characteristics and acoustic power can be found in special sources.

Also note that if the amplifier can operate with a load of different resistance (see..."Permissible acoustic impedance"), then for different options the power per channel will be different — the lower the resistance, the higher the power. In the characteristics, in this case, the maximum value of this parameter is usually indicated — that is, the power at the minimum allowable resistance.

This indicator determines the amount of extraneous noise that accompanies the sound output by the receiver's amplifier. It is convenient because it takes into account almost all possible significant noise — both created by the device itself and due to external causes. The higher the signal-to-noise ratio, the lower the noise volume compared to the main signal, the cleaner the amplifier will sound. A reading of 70-80 dB is considered normal for most consumer electronics, but in AV receivers, which are usually premium devices, this can only be called satisfactory. In the most advanced models, this figure can significantly exceed 100 dB.

— AM/FM radio. The presence of a built-in tuner that allows you to receive AM and FM radio broadcasts without additional devices (except perhaps an antenna is required, and then not always). In FM, it is possible to realize the transmission of high-quality stereo sound, however, the waves propagate only within the line of sight (10-20 km); therefore, most of the stations in this range are classified as "urban music". In AM, the transmission range is already measured in hundreds of kilometers, but the sound quality is noticeably lower; therefore, such stations usually specialize in talk programs (particularly news).

— USB stick. The ability to connect a USB drive to the receiver — for example, a "flash drive" or an external hard drive — and play content from it directly. This requires a USB connector. Most often, in models with this function, it is located on the front panel (see below) — this provides ease of connection; at the same time, there are exceptions. Also note that the very presence of USB does not necessarily imply the possibility of playing from external media — this interface can be used for service purposes, for example, to update the firmware or play from a PC (see "Advanced (inputs) — USB Type B").

— Network audio streaming. The ability to play streaming audio over a local network or the Internet (including from services like Grooveshark o...r Last.Fm). The name "streaming" is due to the fact that each song is played directly from the network, without being written to the receiver's own permanent storage. This function, by definition, requires connection to computer networks; most often, a Wi-Fi module is used for this purpose (see "Interfaces") or a LAN connector.

— Internet radio. The ability to use the receiver to receive and play Internet radio broadcasts. This feature is similar in many ways to the network audio described above — in particular, it requires a network connection to work, and the data is streamed; however, in the case of network audio, the user himself chooses what and when to listen, here the broadcast is similar to conventional radio transmissions and is controlled from the radio station. Actually, many major stations broadcast their programs not only on the traditional air, but also via the Internet; There are also specialized projects broadcasting only on the Web. In general, the choice of programs is much more extensive than for conventional radio broadcasting — after all, Internet radio has no range restrictions. And the receivers themselves may provide additional tools for managing such broadcasting — for example, catalogs, search by genres, languages, etc.

- AirPlay. Technology for transmitting multimedia data via a wireless connection ( Wi-Fi). Developed by Apple, it is intended mainly for broadcasting content from various Apple devices (primarily portable gadgets) to compatible external devices. Allows you to transfer audio files (in audio streaming mode, see “Tuner and playback” for more details), as well as images, text data and even video. The presence of AirPlay in the receiver will allow you to connect Apple equipment with support for this technology to it for direct playback, as well as display information about files on an external screen (for example, a TV) - song name, artist name, etc.

- AirPlay 2. The second version of the AirPlay technology described above, released in 2018. One of the main innovations introduced in this update was support for the multi-room format - the ability to simultaneously broadcast several separate audio signals to different compatible devices installed in different locations. Thus, you can, for example, turn on the next episode of your favorite series from your iPhone on the TV in the living room, and relaxing music from your iPod in the kitchen, etc. In addition, AirPlay 2 received a number of other improvements - improved buffering, the ability to stream to stereo acoustics, as well as support for voice control via Siri.

- Chromecast.... Original name: Google Cast. Technology for broadcasting content to external devices, developed by Google. Allows you to transmit video and audio from a PC or mobile device to the AV receiver; broadcasting is usually carried out via Wi-Fi, while the receiver and the signal source must be on the same Wi-Fi network (with the exception of Chromecast media players). Chromecast technology supports two modes - actual broadcasting through special applications (available for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS) and “mirroring” content opened in the Google Chrome browser on an external screen.

- Wi-Fi. A wireless interface used primarily for building computer networks. Accordingly, AV receivers may need its presence primarily to implement network functions - streaming audio, Internet radio (see “Tuner and playback”), AirPlay (see above), DLNA (see below). Connecting to computer networks can also be done through a wired LAN interface(see below), but Wi-Fi is more convenient due to the absence of wires and the ability to work through obstacles (including walls) at a distance of several tens of meters. In addition, in some models, this technology can also be used to communicate directly with other devices - for example, to use a smartphone or tablet as a remote control, or to broadcast live video using Miracast technology or another similar format.

— Bluetooth. Direct wireless communication technology between various electronic devices; operates at a range of about 10 m, although some specific operating formats provide a longer range. Technically, it can be used for different purposes, depending on the protocols supported by a particular device; In AV receivers, two protocols are most often found - A2DP for wireless broadcasting of audio signals and AVRCP for remote control. In the first case, we are usually talking about transmitting a signal from an external device (smartphone, laptop, etc.) to the receiver; theoretically, the opposite option is also possible - broadcasting sound to Bluetooth headphones or acoustics, however, for a number of reasons, this format of operation is almost never found in AV receivers. AVRCP, in turn, allows you to use an external gadget (for example, the same smartphone) as a remote control.

- LAN. A standard interface for wired connection of various equipment (including AV receivers) to computer networks, incl. to access the Internet. Due to the presence of a wire, it is less convenient to connect than the Wi-Fi described above. On the other hand, a LAN connection wins in terms of connection reliability and actual data transfer speed - especially if there are many wireless devices on the network and Wi-Fi channels are busy (which is often the case, since Wi-Fi modules are very popular in modern electronics ). Therefore, for working with large volumes of data - for example, watching high-definition video via DLNA (see below) - LAN is better suited.

— RS-232. A wired interface that originally appeared in computer technology. In AV receivers, it can be called a service connector: content is not transmitted through this connector, but through it you can connect the device to a computer and remotely change settings, as well as update the firmware.

— MHL. High-speed wired interface for transmitting multimedia data (video and audio) from mobile devices to external screens. The bandwidth allows you to work with high or even ultra-high resolution images, as well as multi-channel audio. Also, when connected, the gadget can be charged. In mobile devices, the MHL signal is output via a standard microUSB port; and the role of the input in AV receivers (and other stationary equipment) is played by the HDMI connector (see below) - however, not every connector, but only one that is initially compatible with MHL and has the appropriate marking. Adapters are available for connecting to regular HDMI, but additional functions (like charging) may not be available with this connection.

- DLNA. A technology used to connect various electronic devices into a single digital network with the ability to directly exchange content. Devices for which support for this standard is declared are able to communicate effectively regardless of the manufacturer. An AV receiver with DLNA can, for example, play a movie directly from the hard drive of a computer in the next room, or transfer photos from a smartphone to the TV. Connecting to the Network can be done either wired (LAN) or wirelessly (Wi-Fi, see above).

- Roon Tested. Roon Tested accreditation means the AV receiver is compatible with the popular audiophile music streaming platform Roon. Certified models have undergone a series of tests and meet the quality standards required to operate Roon flawlessly. This ensures convenient management and organization of content within the platform.

— Coordination of Remote control. A function that allows you to connect the AV receiver to another device (for example, a Blu-ray player or external amplifier) and control both devices with one remote control. When purchasing equipment with such a function, it is necessary to clarify compatibility - as a rule, only equipment from one manufacturer can work in such a “bundle”, and even in such cases, their own nuances are possible upon agreement.

— Voice assistant. Receiver support for voice assistant. The most popular assistants these days are:

• Google Assistant
• Apple Siri
  
• Amazon Alexa

However, other solutions may also emerge. In any case, it is worth noting that we are not talking about an assistant built into the receiver itself, but about compatibility with external devices that have this function (for example, a smartphone or tablet). But even such compatibility allows you to give commands to the receiver by voice - this is often more convenient than more traditional control methods. The specific set of supported commands and languages may vary depending on the voice assistant and its specific version.

The number of analogue stereo RCA inputs provided in the design of the AV receiver. The more such inputs there are, the more transmitting devices can be simultaneously connected to the receiver. Thanks to this, when choosing between them, you do not have to reconnect cables — just set the signal source in the receiver settings.

By itself, the RCA connector (colloquially — "tulip") can be used in different interfaces. However, in this particular case, we are talking about a linear audio input responsible for an analogue audio signal. RCA is the most popular connector used in modern audio equipment for such inputs; it allows you to connect the receiver to an external audio source such as a CD player.

Note that connectors of this type are usually counted in pairs; in other words, one input consists of two RCA connectors. This is due to the fact that in this case only one channel of analogue audio can be transmitted over one wire; accordingly, two RCA jacks are required for stereo transmission.

The number of composite inputs provided in the design of the receiver.

Note that in this case, we do not mean a full-size composite interface that uses three sockets (video and two stereo sound channels), but only one connector — video. This is due to the fact that the sound can be output through standard RCA audio connectors. The video output also uses an RCA type connector, usually a characteristic yellow colour.

Due to the fact that all image data is transmitted over a single cable, the composite interface is somewhat inferior to the component (see above) in terms of video quality, and the bandwidth allows you to work only with a standard definition signal (not HD); and there is no talk of volumetric sound. On the other hand, this connection method has long been used in video technology and can be useful for connecting outdated devices (such as VHS VCRs).

As for the quantity, the presence of several inputs allows you to connect several signal sources to the receiver at once with the corresponding outputs and switch between them through software settings without fiddling with switching cables.

The presence of a USB port on the front panel of the receiver. The USB interface can be used both for connecting external media and direct content playback (see "Tuner and playback"), and for connecting the receiver itself to a computer as a peripheral device (see "USB Type B"). However, the first type of USB connector is usually placed on the front panel; this is very convenient for those who plan to often listen to music and watch videos from flash drives and other similar media.

The power consumed by the receiver in standby mode. Most modern premium electronics, when “shut down” (from the remote control or control panel), do not turn off completely, but are put into standby mode — for a number of reasons this option is considered better than a complete shutdown. It requires electricity consumption, but it is usually very low. At the same time, if you plan to be away from home for a long time, for example, it is likely that from the point of view of economy it will be justified to turn off the power to the audio system completely.