Comparison Cisco SG500-52 vs Cisco WS-C3750X-24P-S

— Unmanaged. The simplest kind of switch that does not have, as the name suggests, the ability to manage; and the possibilities of monitoring the state of the device are usually limited to the simplest indicators in the form of light bulbs (power supply, port activity). The advantages of such models are battery life, ease of use and low cost. The main disadvantage of this type is obvious — the impossibility of configuring the operation parameters. Unmanaged switches are well suited for small LANs like a home or small office where little administration tricks are required; but for large organizations they should not be used.

— Customizable. This category includes switches that allow you to change some of the operating parameters. At the same time, the possibilities for such changes are much narrower than in managed models, and the matter is usually limited to disabling individual ports, switching standard speeds for Ethernet connectors (for example, from 100 Mbps to 10 Mbps) and simple monitoring tools like browsing the network statistics. In addition, after reconfiguration, the device, usually, needs to be rebooted — in other words, it is impossible to control the operation of the switch on the fly. However, professional models designed for large networks can also belong to this type.

— Managed 2 levels. The term "managed" means that the switch has the ab...ility to reconfigure "on the fly" — in contrast to the configurable models described above. In addition, the overall functionality of such devices in most cases is noticeably wider. And "layer 2" means that the device supports only the second layer of the OSI network model — the channel, which is responsible for physical addressing. In fact, this means that the switch is able to work with the MAC addresses of connected devices, but IP addressing is beyond its capabilities.

— Managed 3 levels. A kind of managed switches (see above) that supports the third level of the OSI network model. This layer is responsible for logical addressing and route definition, which allows the device to work with IP addresses. Due to this, models of this type are considered the most advanced, they often provide not only the traditional features for "switches", but also individual functions of routers. On the other hand, the abundance of features significantly affects the price. These switches are commonly used in data centers, telecommunications companies, and other professional networking environments; it hardly makes sense to purchase such a device for a home or small office.

The number of standard Gigabit Ethernet RJ-45 network connectors provided in the design of the switch.

As the name suggests, these connectors provide data transfer rates up to 1 Gbps. Initially, Gigabit Ethernet was considered a professional standard, and even now the real needs for such speeds arise mainly when performing special tasks. Nevertheless, even relatively inexpensive computers are now equipped with gigabit network adapters, not to mention more advanced technology.

As for the number of connectors, it corresponds to the number of network devices that can be connected to the "switch" directly, without the use of additional equipment. In the case of Gigabit Ethernet, the number of connectors up to 10 inclusive is considered relatively small, from 10 to 25 — average, and the presence of more than 25 ports of this type is typical for professional-level models. At the same time, it is worth noting that in some "switches" individual connectors of this type are combined with optical SFP or SFP + (see below). Such connectors are marked "combo" and are taken into account both in the RJ-45 count and in the SFP/SFP+ count.

The number of optical network ports of the SFP standard provided in the design of the switch. We emphasize that we are talking about "ordinary" SFPs; SFP+ data is usually listed separately.

Specifically, in switches, the marking “SFP” usually means a connector for fiber with a connection speed of 1 Gbps. Technically, this is not much compared to RJ-45 speeds; however, this connection format has a number of advantages. One of the main ones is a greater effective range: the mentioned gigabit standard used in switches works with a cable length of up to 550 m, and by the standards of fiber, this is still very little. True, the cable itself is sensitive to kinks and requires quite delicate handling; on the other hand, it is completely immune to electromagnetic interference. On the other hand, in general, the SFP format is noticeably less popular in network equipment than RJ-45; therefore, there are few ports of this type even in advanced devices. So, solutions for 2 or 4 SFP connectors are most widely used, although there are more - 6, 8, or even 10 or more. It is also worth considering that the so-called combo connectors can be used in switches, combining SFP and RJ-45; the presence of such ports is specified in the notes, they are taken into account both in the calculation of RJ-45 and in the calculation of SFP.

To clarify, Uplink inputs also often use this type of connector; however, their...number is specified separately (see below).

The switch has a console port. This connector is used to control the device settings from a separate computer, which plays the role of a control panel — a console. The advantage of this format of operation is that access to the functions of the switch does not depend on the state of the network; in addition, special utilities can be used on the console that provide more extensive capabilities than a regular web interface or network protocols (see "Management"). Most often, the console port uses an RS-232 connector.

Management methods and protocols supported by the switch.

— SSH. Abbreviation for Secure Shell, i.e. "Safe shell". The SSH protocol provides a fairly high degree of security, because. encrypts all transmitted data, including passwords. Suitable for managing almost all major network protocols, but requires a special utility on the host computer.

— Telnet. A network management protocol that provides configuration using a text-based command line. It does not use encryption and does not protect transmitted data, and is also devoid of a graphical interface, which is why in many areas it has been supplanted by more secure (SSH) or more convenient (web interface) options. However, it is still used in modern network equipment.

— Web interface. This function allows you to open the management interface of the switch in a common Internet browser. The main convenience of the web interface is that it does not require additional software — a browser is enough (and it is available in any "self-respecting" modern OS). Thus, knowing the device address, login and password, you can manage the settings from almost any computer on the network (unless, of course, otherwise specified in the access parameters).

— SNMP. Abbreviation for Simple Network Management Protocol, i.e. "simple network control protocol". It is a stan...dard part of the common TCP/IP protocol on which both the Internet and many local networks are built. It uses two types of software — "managers" on control computers and "agents" on managed computers (in this case, on a router). The degree of security is relatively low, but SNMP can be used for simple management tasks.

Note that this list is not exhaustive — modern switches may provide other management options, for example, support for proprietary utilities and special technologies from the same manufacturer.

— DHCP server. A feature that makes it easy to manage the IP addresses of devices connected to the switch. Without its own IP address, the correct operation of the network device is impossible; and DHCP support allows you to assign these addresses both manually and fully automatically. At the same time, the administrator can set additional parameters for the automatic mode (range of addresses, maximum time for using one address). And even in fully manual mode, work with addresses is performed only by means of the switch itself (whereas without DHCP, these parameters would also have to be specified in the settings of each device on the network).

— Stacking support. The ability to operate the device in stack mode. A stack consists of several switches that are perceived by the network as one “switch”, with one MAC address, one IP address, and with a total number of connectors equal to the total number of ports in all involved devices. This feature is useful if you want to build an extensive network that lacks the capabilities of a single switch, but do not want to complicate the topology.

— Link Aggregation. Switch support for link aggregation technology. This technology allows you to combine several parallel physical communication channels into one logical one, which increases the speed and reliability of the connection. Simply put, a switch with such a fun...ction can be connected to another device (for example, a router) not with one cable, but with two or even more at once. The increase in speed in this case occurs due to the summation of the throughput of all physical channels; however, the total speed may be less than the sum of the speeds — on the other hand, combining several relatively slow connectors is often cheaper than using equipment with a more advanced single interface. And the increase in reliability is carried out, firstly, by distributing the total load over individual physical channels, and secondly, by means of "hot" redundancy: the failure of one port or cable can reduce the speed, but does not lead to a complete disconnection, and when the channel is restored, the channel is switched on automatically.
Note that both the standard LACP protocol and non-standard proprietary technologies can be used for Link Aggregation (the latter is typical, for example, for Cisco switches). In addition, there are quite a few alternative names for this technology — port trunking, link bundling, etc.; sometimes the difference is only in the name, sometimes there are technical nuances. All these details should be clarified separately.

— VLAN. Support of the VLAN function by the switch — virtual local area networks. In this case, the meaning of this function is the ability to create separate logical (virtual) local networks within the physical "local area". Thus, it is possible, for example, to separate departments in a large organization, creating for each of them its own local network. The organization of VLAN allows you to reduce the load on network equipment, as well as increase the degree of data protection.

— Protection against loops. The switch has a loop protection function. The loop in this case can be described as a situation where the same signal is launched in the network in an endless loop. This may be due to incorrect cable connection, the use of redundant links and some other reasons, but anyway, such a phenomenon can “put down” the network, which means it is highly undesirable. Security prevents loops, usually by disabling looped ports.

— Limiting the speed of access. The ability to limit the data exchange rate for individual switch ports. Thus, it is possible to reduce the load on the network and prevent the "clogging" of the channel by individual terminals.

Note that the matter is not limited to this list: other features may be found in modern switches.

Recall that routing is the definition of the best path through which each data packet can be delivered to the recipient. For this, special tables are used, stored in the memory of the control network device with the routing function. According to the method of filling these tables, this procedure is divided into two main varieties — static and dynamic.

Static routing is a method in which all data routes (entries in the routing table) are manually written by the administrator; this applies both to the initial creation of the table and to making changes to it when changes are made to the network configuration. The main advantage of this method is the minimum load on the switch processor, which has a positive effect on the speed and reliability of the network. The main disadvantages of static routing are associated with the need for manual control. So, the larger the network, the more complex and time-consuming it is to manage it; Administrator's inattention can become an additional cause of failures; and diagnosing some problems is noticeably more difficult — for example, if there is a failure at the link layer, the static route remains visible as active, although no data is transmitted.

The switch supports the Power over Ethernet function.

This feature allows the switch to supply power to network devices over the same Ethernet cable that transmits data. This reduces the number of wires and simplifies power supply, which is especially convenient if the device is installed in a hard-to-reach place where there is no outlet nearby, and it is difficult to pull an additional cable. An example is an IP surveillance camera installed under the ceiling.

The number of PoE outputs may vary. It should also be borne in mind that when several consumers are connected at the same time, specific power restrictions apply; see "Total PoE Power" for details.

Accordingly, such devices are much more expensive than switches without PoE.

The number of PoE-enabled outputs (see above) provided in the design of the switch. This number corresponds to the maximum number of PoE network devices that can be connected to this model at the same time.